build: add maven scaffold for struts demo

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+target/
+*.log

pom.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+
+    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
+    <artifactId>struts2-demo</artifactId>
+    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <packaging>war</packaging>
+
+    <name>Struts2 Demo Lab</name>
+    <description>Classic Struts2 learning project packaged as a runnable Maven WAR.</description>
+
+    <properties>
+        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+        <maven.compiler.release>17</maven.compiler.release>
+        <struts2.version>2.5.33</struts2.version>
+        <jetty.version>9.4.54.v20240208</jetty.version>
+    </properties>
+
+    <dependencies>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
+            <artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
+            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
+            <artifactId>struts2-json-plugin</artifactId>
+            <version>${struts2.version}</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
+            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
+            <version>1.5</version>
+        </dependency>
+        <dependency>
+            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
+            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
+            <version>4.0.1</version>
+            <scope>provided</scope>
+        </dependency>
+    </dependencies>
+
+    <build>
+        <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/web/WEB-INF/classes</sourceDirectory>
+        <resources>
+            <resource>
+                <directory>${project.basedir}/web/WEB-INF/classes</directory>
+                <excludes>
+                    <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
+                </excludes>
+            </resource>
+        </resources>
+
+        <plugins>
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.11.0</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <release>${maven.compiler.release}</release>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>3.4.0</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <warSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/web</warSourceDirectory>
+                    <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/classes/**/*.java</packagingExcludes>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+
+            <plugin>
+                <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId>
+                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+                <version>${jetty.version}</version>
+                <configuration>
+                    <scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>
+                    <webApp>
+                        <contextPath>/</contextPath>
+                    </webApp>
+                </configuration>
+            </plugin>
+        </plugins>
+    </build>
+</project>

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/AjaxAction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package com.demo.action;
+
+import com.demo.model.User;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class AjaxAction extends ActionSupport {
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMATTER = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
+
+    private boolean success;
+    private String message;
+    private String serverTime;
+    private List<User> users;
+
+    @Override
+    public String execute() {
+        success = true;
+        message = "Mock AJAX response generated from the Struts2 action.";
+        serverTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(TIME_FORMATTER);
+        users = Arrays.asList(
+            new User(1L, "ops-admin", "ops-admin@example.com", "13800000001"),
+            new User(2L, "platform-owner", "platform-owner@example.com", "13800000002"),
+            new User(3L, "release-manager", "release-manager@example.com", "13800000003")
+        );
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSuccess() {
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    public String getMessage() {
+        return message;
+    }
+
+    public String getServerTime() {
+        return serverTime;
+    }
+
+    public List<User> getUsers() {
+        return users;
+    }
+}

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/FileUploadAction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package com.demo.action;
+
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
+
+    private File upload;
+    private String uploadFileName;
+    private String uploadContentType;
+    private List<File> uploads;
+    private List<String> uploadsFileName;
+    private List<String> uploadsContentType;
+    private int fileCount;
+    private String summary;
+
+    @Override
+    public String execute() {
+        fileCount = 0;
+        if (upload != null) {
+            fileCount++;
+        }
+        if (uploads != null) {
+            fileCount += uploads.size();
+        }
+
+        if (fileCount == 0) {
+            addActionError("Select at least one file before submitting the demo.");
+            return INPUT;
+        }
+
+        summary = "This demo captures upload metadata only. It does not persist files to disk, which keeps the sample safe for classroom use.";
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    public File getUpload() {
+        return upload;
+    }
+
+    public void setUpload(File upload) {
+        this.upload = upload;
+    }
+
+    public String getUploadFileName() {
+        return uploadFileName;
+    }
+
+    public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) {
+        this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName;
+    }
+
+    public String getUploadContentType() {
+        return uploadContentType;
+    }
+
+    public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) {
+        this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType;
+    }
+
+    public List<File> getUploads() {
+        return uploads;
+    }
+
+    public void setUploads(List<File> uploads) {
+        this.uploads = uploads;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getUploadsFileName() {
+        return uploadsFileName;
+    }
+
+    public void setUploadsFileName(List<String> uploadsFileName) {
+        this.uploadsFileName = uploadsFileName;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getUploadsContentType() {
+        return uploadsContentType;
+    }
+
+    public void setUploadsContentType(List<String> uploadsContentType) {
+        this.uploadsContentType = uploadsContentType;
+    }
+
+    public int getFileCount() {
+        return fileCount;
+    }
+
+    public String getSummary() {
+        return summary;
+    }
+}

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/HelloAction.java

@@ -2,33 +2,50 @@ package com.demo.action;
 
 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
-/**
- * Hello World 示例 Action
- * 展示 Struts2 最基础的 Action 写法
- * 
- * ActionSupport 提供了：
- * - validate() 方法用于表单验证
- * - getText() 方法用于国际化
- * - addActionError()/addFieldError() 用于错误消息
- */
 public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport {
 
     private String name;
     private String message;
+    private String tip;
+    private String nextStep;
+    private String requestSample;
 
     @Override
-    public String execute() throws Exception {
-        // 业务逻辑
+    public String execute() {
         if (name == null || name.trim().isEmpty()) {
             name = "World";
+        } else {
+            name = name.trim();
         }
-        message = "Hello, " + name + "! 欢迎学习 Struts2!";
+
+        message = "Hello, " + name + "! Welcome to the Struts2 demo lab.";
+        tip = "Struts2 injected the request parameter into the action property before execute() ran.";
+        nextStep = "Try the login flow or open the demo catalog to compare different action patterns.";
+        requestSample = "/hello?name=Platform%20Team";
         return SUCCESS;
     }
 
-    // Getter/Setter (Struts2 需要这些来获取/设置参数)
-    public String getName() { return name; }
-    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
-    public String getMessage() { return message; }
-    public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; }
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public String getMessage() {
+        return message;
+    }
+
+    public String getTip() {
+        return tip;
+    }
+
+    public String getNextStep() {
+        return nextStep;
+    }
+
+    public String getRequestSample() {
+        return requestSample;
+    }
 }

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/LoginAction.java

@@ -2,46 +2,92 @@ package com.demo.action;
 
 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
-/**
- * 用户登录 Action
- * 展示：
- * - 表单参数接收
- * - 数据验证
- * - Session 使用
- * - 返回不同结果
- */
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+
 public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport {
 
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMATTER = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
+
     private String username;
     private String password;
+    private String displayName;
+    private String role;
+    private String loginTime;
+    private String recommendation;
 
     @Override
-    public String execute() throws Exception {
-        // 模拟登录验证
-        if ("admin".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {
-            // 登录成功，设置 session
-            return SUCCESS;
-        } else if (username != null && !username.isEmpty()) {
-            // 登录失败
-            addActionError("用户名或密码错误!");
+    public String execute() {
+        username = normalize(username);
+        password = normalize(password);
+
+        if (!hasSubmitted()) {
             return INPUT;
         }
+
+        if ("admin".equals(username) && "123456".equals(password)) {
+            displayName = "System Demo Admin";
+            role = "Administrator";
+            loginTime = LocalDateTime.now().format(TIME_FORMATTER);
+            recommendation = "Continue with the user form, validation sample, or upload flow to explore the rest of the demo.";
+            return SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        addActionError("Invalid demo credentials. Use admin / 123456.");
         return INPUT;
     }
 
-    // 表单验证
     @Override
     public void validate() {
-        if (username == null || username.trim().length() < 3) {
-            addFieldError("username", "用户名至少3个字符");
+        if (!hasSubmitted()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (username == null || username.length() < 3) {
+            addFieldError("username", "Username must be at least 3 characters.");
         }
         if (password == null || password.length() < 6) {
-            addFieldError("password", "密码至少6个字符");
+            addFieldError("password", "Password must be at least 6 characters.");
         }
     }
 
-    public String getUsername() { return username; }
-    public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
-    public String getPassword() { return password; }
-    public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; }
+    private boolean hasSubmitted() {
+        return (username != null && !username.trim().isEmpty())
+            || (password != null && !password.trim().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    private String normalize(String value) {
+        return value == null ? null : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    public String getUsername() {
+        return username;
+    }
+
+    public void setUsername(String username) {
+        this.username = username;
+    }
+
+    public String getPassword() {
+        return password;
+    }
+
+    public void setPassword(String password) {
+        this.password = password;
+    }
+
+    public String getDisplayName() {
+        return displayName;
+    }
+
+    public String getRole() {
+        return role;
+    }
+
+    public String getLoginTime() {
+        return loginTime;
+    }
+
+    public String getRecommendation() {
+        return recommendation;
+    }
 }

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/UserAction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package com.demo.action;
+
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+
+public class UserAction extends ActionSupport {
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMATTER = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
+
+    private String username;
+    private String email;
+    private String phone;
+    private String submittedAt;
+    private String profileStage;
+
+    public String submit() {
+        username = normalize(username);
+        email = normalize(email);
+        phone = normalize(phone);
+
+        if (!isValid()) {
+            return INPUT;
+        }
+
+        submittedAt = LocalDateTime.now().format(TIME_FORMATTER);
+        profileStage = (phone != null && phone.length() >= 7) ? "Profile ready for follow-up demos." : "Profile captured. Add a stronger phone number next time.";
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isValid() {
+        boolean valid = true;
+        if (username == null || username.length() < 3) {
+            addFieldError("username", "Username must be at least 3 characters.");
+            valid = false;
+        }
+        if (email == null || !email.contains("@")) {
+            addFieldError("email", "Enter a valid email address.");
+            valid = false;
+        }
+        if (phone == null || phone.replaceAll("[^0-9]", "").length() < 7) {
+            addFieldError("phone", "Enter at least 7 digits for the phone number.");
+            valid = false;
+        }
+        return valid;
+    }
+
+    private String normalize(String value) {
+        return value == null ? null : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    public String getUsername() {
+        return username;
+    }
+
+    public void setUsername(String username) {
+        this.username = username;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+
+    public String getPhone() {
+        return phone;
+    }
+
+    public void setPhone(String phone) {
+        this.phone = phone;
+    }
+
+    public String getSubmittedAt() {
+        return submittedAt;
+    }
+
+    public String getProfileStage() {
+        return profileStage;
+    }
+}

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/ValidationAction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package com.demo.action;
+
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+
+public class ValidationAction extends ActionSupport {
+
+    private static final DateTimeFormatter TIME_FORMATTER = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
+
+    private String username;
+    private String email;
+    private Integer age;
+    private String bio;
+    private String scoreBand;
+    private String submittedAt;
+
+    @Override
+    public String execute() {
+        username = normalize(username);
+        email = normalize(email);
+        bio = normalize(bio);
+        scoreBand = age >= 30 ? "Mid-career operator profile" : "Early-career operator profile";
+        submittedAt = LocalDateTime.now().format(TIME_FORMATTER);
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void validate() {
+        if (username == null || username.trim().length() < 3 || username.trim().length() > 20) {
+            addFieldError("username", "Username must be between 3 and 20 characters.");
+        }
+        if (email == null || !email.contains("@") || email.indexOf('@') == email.length() - 1) {
+            addFieldError("email", "Enter a valid email address.");
+        }
+        if (age == null || age < 18 || age > 60) {
+            addFieldError("age", "Age must be between 18 and 60.");
+        }
+        if (bio != null && bio.trim().length() > 240) {
+            addFieldError("bio", "Bio must stay under 240 characters.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String normalize(String value) {
+        return value == null ? null : value.trim();
+    }
+
+    public String getUsername() {
+        return username;
+    }
+
+    public void setUsername(String username) {
+        this.username = username;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+
+    public Integer getAge() {
+        return age;
+    }
+
+    public void setAge(Integer age) {
+        this.age = age;
+    }
+
+    public String getBio() {
+        return bio;
+    }
+
+    public void setBio(String bio) {
+        this.bio = bio;
+    }
+
+    public String getScoreBand() {
+        return scoreBand;
+    }
+
+    public String getSubmittedAt() {
+        return submittedAt;
+    }
+}

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/rest/UserRestAction.java

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package com.demo.action.rest;
+
+import com.demo.model.User;
+import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class UserRestAction extends ActionSupport {
+
+    private boolean success;
+    private String message;
+    private List<User> users;
+
+    @Override
+    public String execute() {
+        success = true;
+        message = "REST-style demo payload";
+        users = Arrays.asList(
+            new User(101L, "alpha", "alpha@example.com", "13800001001"),
+            new User(102L, "beta", "beta@example.com", "13800001002"),
+            new User(103L, "gamma", "gamma@example.com", "13800001003")
+        );
+        return SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSuccess() {
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    public String getMessage() {
+        return message;
+    }
+
+    public List<User> getUsers() {
+        return users;
+    }
+}

web/WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/model/User.java

@@ -1,30 +1,54 @@
 package com.demo.model;
 
-/**
- * 用户模型
- * 展示 Struts2 的 ModelDriven 和 Bean 封装
- */
 public class User {
     private Long id;
     private String username;
     private String email;
     private String phone;
 
-    public User() {}
+    public User() {
+    }
 
     public User(Long id, String username, String email) {
+        this(id, username, email, null);
+    }
+
+    public User(Long id, String username, String email, String phone) {
         this.id = id;
         this.username = username;
         this.email = email;
+        this.phone = phone;
     }
 
-    // Getters and Setters
-    public Long getId() { return id; }
-    public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; }
-    public String getUsername() { return username; }
-    public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; }
-    public String getEmail() { return email; }
-    public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; }
-    public String getPhone() { return phone; }
-    public void setPhone(String phone) { this.phone = phone; }
+    public Long getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public void setId(Long id) {
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    public String getUsername() {
+        return username;
+    }
+
+    public void setUsername(String username) {
+        this.username = username;
+    }
+
+    public String getEmail() {
+        return email;
+    }
+
+    public void setEmail(String email) {
+        this.email = email;
+    }
+
+    public String getPhone() {
+        return phone;
+    }
+
+    public void setPhone(String phone) {
+        this.phone = phone;
+    }
 }

web/WEB-INF/classes/struts.xml

@@ -4,62 +4,47 @@
     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
 
 <struts>
-    <!-- 开发模式 - 修改配置后自动reload -->
     <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>
     <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true"/>
-    
-    <!-- 编码设置 -->
     <constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/>
 
-    <!-- ==================== 示例包定义 ==================== -->
     <package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
-        
-        <!-- 首页 -->
         <action name="index">
             <result>/index.jsp</result>
         </action>
 
-        <!-- Hello World 示例 -->
         <action name="hello" class="com.demo.action.HelloAction" method="execute">
             <result>/hello.jsp</result>
         </action>
 
-        <!-- 用户登录示例 -->
         <action name="login" class="com.demo.action.LoginAction" method="execute">
             <result name="success">/user/success.jsp</result>
             <result name="input">/user/login.jsp</result>
         </action>
 
-        <!-- 用户表单提交 -->
         <action name="submitUser" class="com.demo.action.UserAction" method="submit">
             <result name="success">/user/success.jsp</result>
             <result name="input">/user/form.jsp</result>
         </action>
 
-        <!-- 文件上传示例 -->
         <action name="upload" class="com.demo.action.FileUploadAction" method="execute">
             <result name="success">/upload/success.jsp</result>
             <result name="input">/upload/index.jsp</result>
         </action>
 
-        <!-- AJAX 示例 -->
         <action name="ajax" class="com.demo.action.AjaxAction" method="execute">
             <result type="json"/>
         </action>
 
-        <!-- 验证示例 -->
         <action name="validate" class="com.demo.action.ValidationAction" method="execute">
             <result name="success">/validation/success.jsp</result>
             <result name="input">/validation/form.jsp</result>
         </action>
-        
     </package>
 
-    <!-- REST 风格示例 -->
     <package name="rest" namespace="/api" extends="struts-default">
-        <action name="users" class="com.demo.action.rest.UserRestAction">
+        <action name="users" class="com.demo.action.rest.UserRestAction" method="execute">
             <result type="json"/>
         </action>
     </package>
-
 </struts>

web/WEB-INF/web.xml

@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@
          http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
          version="4.0">
 
-    <display-name>Struts2 学习 Demo</display-name>
+    <display-name>Struts2 Demo Lab</display-name>
 
-    <!-- Struts2 核心过滤器 -->
     <filter>
         <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
         <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@
         <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
     </welcome-file-list>
 
-    <!-- 错误页面配置 -->
     <error-page>
         <error-code>404</error-code>
         <location>/error/404.jsp</location>

web/demo/ajax/index.jsp

@@ -1,100 +1,50 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="zh-CN">
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <title>AJAX + JSON - Struts2 学习</title>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>AJAX and JSON Guide</title>
     <style>
-        body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea, #764ba2); min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; padding: 20px; }
-        .container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .breadcrumb { background: white; padding: 15px 25px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .content { background: white; border-radius: 20px; padding: 40px; }
-        h1 { color: #667eea; border-bottom: 3px solid #667eea; padding-bottom: 15px; }
-        h2 { color: #764ba2; margin-top: 30px; }
-        .section { margin: 25px 0; padding: 20px; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 10px; }
-        pre { background: #1e1e1e; color: #d4d4d4; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; overflow-x: auto; }
-        .keyword { color: #569cd6; }
-        .string { color: #ce9178; }
-        .comment { color: #6a9955; }
-        .btn { display: inline-block; padding: 12px 30px; background: #667eea; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 25px; }
+        body { margin: 0; padding: 24px; font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #122c63, #1464c7); }
+        .shell { max-width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.96); border-radius: 28px; padding: 28px; box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }
+        .eyebrow { font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: #1464c7; font-weight: 800; }
+        h1, h2 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p, li { color: #53667d; line-height: 1.9; }
+        pre { background: #101827; color: #d9e7ff; padding: 18px; border-radius: 18px; overflow-x: auto; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .btn { display: inline-flex; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 999px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; background: #e8f2ff; color: #1464c7; }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="breadcrumb">
-            <a href="/">🏠 首页</a> / AJAX + JSON
-        </div>
-        <div class="content">
-            <h1>⚡ AJAX + JSON</h1>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Guide</div>
+        <h1>Returning JSON from Struts2 actions</h1>
+        <p>The demo now includes both an action-level JSON response and a REST-style JSON route. That makes it easier to compare MVC pages with lightweight API payloads.</p>
 
-            <h2>1. JSON 结果类型</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <p>使用 struts2-json-plugin 实现 AJAX 返回 JSON</p>
-                <pre><span class="comment">// struts.xml 配置</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;action</span> name=<span class="string">"getUser"</span> class=<span class="string">"com.demo.UserAction"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;result</span> type=<span class="string">"json"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-        <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 可选: 只包含指定属性 --&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;param</span> name=<span class="string">"includeProperties"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>user\..*,success<span class="keyword">&lt;/param&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/action&gt;</span></pre>
-            </div>
+        <h2>What the action returns</h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li>A <code>success</code> flag.</li>
+            <li>A short message describing the payload.</li>
+            <li>Sample user records that can be consumed by AJAX.</li>
+        </ul>
 
-            <h2>2. Action 示例</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="keyword">public class</span> UserAction <span class="keyword">extends</span> ActionSupport {
+        <pre>public class AjaxAction extends ActionSupport {
+    private boolean success;
+    private String message;
+    private List&lt;User&gt; users;
 
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> User user;
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> boolean success;
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String message;
-    
-    <span class="comment">// getter 是必须的，JSON 插件只序列化有 getter 的属性</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> User getUser() { <span class="keyword">return</span> user; }
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> boolean isSuccess() { <span class="keyword">return</span> success; }
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getMessage() { <span class="keyword">return</span> message; }
-    
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getData() {
-        user = <span class="keyword">new</span> User(<span class="string">"张三"</span>, <span class="string">"zhangsan@email.com"</span>);
-        success = <span class="keyword">true</span>;
-        message = <span class="string">"获取成功"</span>;
-        <span class="keyword">return</span> SUCCESS;
+    public String execute() {
+        success = true;
+        message = "Mock AJAX response";
+        return SUCCESS;
     }
 }</pre>
-            </div>
 
-            <h2>3. 前端 AJAX 调用</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">// 原生 fetch</span>
-fetch(<span class="string">'/getUser'</span>)
-    .then(r =&gt; r.json())
-    .then(data =&gt; {
-        console.log(data.user);
-        console.log(data.success);
-    });
-
-<span class="comment">// jQuery</span>
-$.getJSON(<span class="string">'/getUser'</span>, <span class="keyword">function</span>(data) {
-    $(<span class="string">'#username'</span>).text(data.user.username);
-});</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>4. 完整示例：实时搜索</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">// HTML</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;input</span> type=<span class="string">"text"</span> id=<span class="string">"keyword"</span> onkeyup=<span class="string">"search(this.value)"</span>/&gt;
-<span class="keyword">&lt;div</span> id=<span class="string">"results"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
-
-<span class="comment">// JS</span>
-<span class="keyword">function</span> search(keyword) {
-    $.getJSON(<span class="string">'/search'</span>, {keyword: keyword}, <span class="keyword">function</span>(data) {
-        $(<span class="string">'#results'</span>).empty();
-        data.results.forEach(<span class="keyword">function</span>(item) {
-            $(<span class="string">'#results'</span>).append(<span class="string">'&lt;div&gt;'</span> + item.name + <span class="string">'&lt;/div&gt;'</span>);
-        });
-    });
-}</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <a href="/demo/interceptor" class="btn">下一节：拦截器 →</a>
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="btn" href="../../ajax">Open action JSON</a>
+            <a class="btn" href="../../api/users">Open REST JSON</a>
+            <a class="btn" href="../../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/demo/hello/index.jsp

@@ -1,167 +1,52 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="zh-CN">
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
-    <title>Hello World - Struts2 学习</title>
+    <title>Hello Action Guide</title>
     <style>
-        body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea, #764ba2); min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; padding: 20px; }
-        .container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .breadcrumb { background: white; padding: 15px 25px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .breadcrumb a { color: #667eea; text-decoration: none; }
-        .content { background: white; border-radius: 20px; padding: 40px; box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
-        h1 { color: #667eea; border-bottom: 3px solid #667eea; padding-bottom: 15px; }
-        h2 { color: #764ba2; margin-top: 30px; }
-        .section { margin: 25px 0; padding: 20px; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 10px; }
-        code { background: #1e1e1e; color: #d4d4d4; padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 4px; font-family: Consolas, monospace; }
-        pre { background: #1e1e1e; color: #d4d4d4; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; overflow-x: auto; font-size: 0.9em; }
-        .keyword { color: #569cd6; }
-        .string { color: #ce9178; }
-        .comment { color: #6a9955; }
-        .btn { display: inline-block; padding: 12px 30px; background: #667eea; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 25px; margin-right: 10px; }
-        .btn:hover { background: #764ba2; }
-        .note { background: #fff3e0; border-left: 4px solid #ff9800; padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0; border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; }
+        body { margin: 0; padding: 24px; font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1464c7, #3a8dff); }
+        .shell { max-width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.96); border-radius: 28px; padding: 28px; box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }
+        .eyebrow { font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: #1464c7; font-weight: 800; }
+        h1, h2 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p, li { color: #53667d; line-height: 1.9; }
+        pre { background: #101827; color: #d9e7ff; padding: 18px; border-radius: 18px; overflow-x: auto; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .btn { display: inline-flex; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 999px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; background: #e8f2ff; color: #1464c7; }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="breadcrumb">
-            <a href="/">🏠 首页</a> / Hello World
-        </div>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Guide</div>
+        <h1>Hello action walkthrough</h1>
+        <p>The hello demo is still the best first stop for explaining how Struts2 maps a request to an action and then routes to a JSP result.</p>
 
-        <div class="content">
-            <h1>👋 Hello World - 第一个 Struts2 应用</h1>
+        <h2>Flow</h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li>The browser requests <code>/hello</code> or <code>/hello?name=Team</code>.</li>
+            <li>Struts populates the <code>name</code> property on <code>HelloAction</code>.</li>
+            <li><code>execute()</code> builds a view message and returns <code>SUCCESS</code>.</li>
+            <li>The framework resolves the success result to <code>/hello.jsp</code>.</li>
+        </ul>
 
-            <div class="note">
-                <strong>📝 本节要点：</strong> 创建最简单的 Struts2 应用，掌握 Action 编写和 struts.xml 配置
-            </div>
+        <h2>Minimal action shape</h2>
+        <pre>public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport {
+    private String name;
+    private String message;
 
-            <h2>1. 项目结构</h2>
-            <pre>
-webapp/
-├── WEB-INF/
-│   ├── web.xml
-│   └── lib/
-│       └── struts2-core.jar
-├── struts.xml          ← Action 配置
-├── index.jsp
-└── hello.jsp           ← 结果页面</pre>
-            
-            <h2>2. web.xml 配置</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;web-app</span> xmlns=<span class="string">"http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-    
-    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- Struts2 核心过滤器 --&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;filter&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;filter-name&gt;</span>struts2<span class="keyword">&lt;/filter-name&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;filter-class&gt;</span>
-            org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;/filter-class&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;/filter&gt;</span>
-    
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;filter-mapping&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;filter-name&gt;</span>struts2<span class="keyword">&lt;/filter-name&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;url-pattern&gt;</span>/*<span class="keyword">&lt;/url-pattern&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;/filter-mapping&gt;</span>
-    
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/web-app&gt;</span></pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>3. struts.xml 配置</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC</span>
-    <span class="string">"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"</span>
-    <span class="string">"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-
-<span class="keyword">&lt;struts&gt;</span>
-    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 开发模式 --&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;constant</span> name=<span class="string">"struts.devMode"</span> value=<span class="string">"true"</span><span class="keyword">/&gt;</span>
-    
-    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 定义包 --&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;package</span> name=<span class="string">"default"</span> namespace=<span class="string">"/"</span> extends=<span class="string">"struts-default"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-        
-        <span class="comment">&lt;!-- Action 配置 --&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;action</span> name=<span class="string">"hello"</span> class=<span class="string">"com.demo.HelloAction"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-            <span class="keyword">&lt;result&gt;</span>/hello.jsp<span class="keyword">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
-        
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;/package&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/struts&gt;</span></pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>4. HelloAction.java</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="keyword">package</span> com.demo;
-
-<span class="keyword">import</span> com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
-
-<span class="comment">/**
- * 第一个 Struts2 Action
- * 继承 ActionSupport 可以获得验证、国际化的能力
- */</span>
-<span class="keyword">public class</span> HelloAction <span class="keyword">extends</span> ActionSupport {
-    
-    <span class="comment">// 接收参数</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String name;
-    
-    <span class="comment">// 返回给页面的数据</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String message;
-    
-    <span class="comment">/**
-     * 执行方法，默认调用
-     */</span>
-    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String execute() <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception {
-        <span class="keyword">if</span> (name == <span class="keyword">null</span> || name.trim().isEmpty()) {
-            name = <span class="string">"Struts2 学习者"</span>;
+    public String execute() {
+        if (name == null || name.trim().isEmpty()) {
+            name = "World";
         }
-        message = <span class="string">"你好, "</span> + name + <span class="string">"! 欢迎学习 Struts2!"</span>;
-        <span class="keyword">return</span> SUCCESS;  <span class="comment">// 返回 "success"</span>
+        message = "Hello, " + name + "!";
+        return SUCCESS;
     }
-    
-    <span class="comment">// Getter/Setter 必须提供，Struts2 通过反射注入参数</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getName() { <span class="keyword">return</span> name; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setName(String name) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.name = name; }
-    
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getMessage() { <span class="keyword">return</span> message; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setMessage(String message) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.message = message; }
 }</pre>
-            </div>
 
-            <h2>5. hello.jsp 结果页面</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">&lt;%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %&gt;</span>
-<span class="comment">&lt;%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;html&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;body&gt;</span>
-    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 使用 Struts2 标签获取 Action 返回的值 --&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;h1&gt;&lt;s:property</span> value=<span class="string">"message"</span>/&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/body&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/html&gt;</span></pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>6. 访问方式</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <p>启动应用后，访问：</p>
-                <code>http://localhost:8080/hello</code> - 默认执行<br>
-                <code>http://localhost:8080/hello?name=张三</code> - 传递参数
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>执行流程图</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre style="text-align: center;">
-浏览器请求 → Struts2 Filter → ActionProxy → HelloAction.execute()
-    → 返回 "success" → 配置的 result → hello.jsp → 浏览器</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <div style="margin-top: 30px;">
-                <a href="/demo/validation" class="btn">下一节：表单验证 →</a>
-                <a href="/" class="btn" style="background: #764ba2;">← 返回首页</a>
-            </div>
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="btn" href="../../hello?name=Platform%20Team">Run hello action</a>
+            <a class="btn" href="../../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/demo/model/index.jsp

@@ -1,172 +1,53 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="zh-CN">
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
-    <title>数据封装 - Struts2 学习</title>
+    <title>Model Binding Guide</title>
     <style>
-        body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea, #764ba2); min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; padding: 20px; }
-        .container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .breadcrumb { background: white; padding: 15px 25px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .breadcrumb a { color: #667eea; text-decoration: none; }
-        .content { background: white; border-radius: 20px; padding: 40px; box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
-        h1 { color: #667eea; border-bottom: 3px solid #667eea; padding-bottom: 15px; }
-        h2 { color: #764ba2; margin-top: 30px; }
-        .section { margin: 25px 0; padding: 20px; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 10px; }
-        pre { background: #1e1e1e; color: #d4d4d4; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; overflow-x: auto; font-size: 0.9em; }
-        .keyword { color: #569cd6; }
-        .string { color: #ce9178; }
-        .comment { color: #6a9955; }
-        .btn { display: inline-block; padding: 12px 30px; background: #667eea; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 25px; margin-right: 10px; }
-        .note { background: #fff3e0; border-left: 4px solid #ff9800; padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0; border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; }
+        body { margin: 0; padding: 24px; font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #7c3aed, #a855f7); }
+        .shell { max-width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.96); border-radius: 28px; padding: 28px; box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }
+        .eyebrow { font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: #7c3aed; font-weight: 800; }
+        h1, h2 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p, li { color: #5e5570; line-height: 1.9; }
+        pre { background: #101827; color: #d9e7ff; padding: 18px; border-radius: 18px; overflow-x: auto; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .btn { display: inline-flex; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 999px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; background: #f0e9ff; color: #7c3aed; }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="breadcrumb">
-            <a href="/">🏠 首页</a> / 数据封装
-        </div>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Guide</div>
+        <h1>Property binding vs model-driven binding</h1>
+        <p>This note helps explain how Struts2 turns request parameters into action state. It works well alongside the user form and validation examples.</p>
 
-        <div class="content">
-            <h1>📦 数据封装 - 属性驱动 vs 模型驱动</h1>
+        <h2>Property-driven</h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li>Define simple fields directly on the action.</li>
+            <li>Expose setters and getters for each form field.</li>
+            <li>Great for short demos and small forms.</li>
+        </ul>
 
-            <div class="note">
-                <strong>📝 本节要点：</strong> 掌握 Struts2 两种数据封装方式，将请求参数封装到 Java 对象
-            </div>
+        <h2>Model-driven</h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li>Return a dedicated model object from <code>getModel()</code>.</li>
+            <li>Keep request data separate from action orchestration logic.</li>
+            <li>Better for larger forms and nested objects.</li>
+        </ul>
 
-            <h2>1. 两种封装方式对比</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <table style="width:100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
-                    <tr style="background:#667eea; color:white;">
-                        <th style="padding:10px;">方式</th>
-                        <th style="padding:10px;">实现</th>
-                        <th style="padding:10px;">适用场景</th>
-                    </tr>
-                    <tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
-                        <td style="padding:10px;"><strong>属性驱动</strong></td>
-                        <td style="padding:10px;">Action 中定义属性 + getter/setter</td>
-                        <td style="padding:10px;">简单场景，属性较少</td>
-                    </tr>
-                    <tr>
-                        <td style="padding:10px;"><strong>模型驱动</strong></td>
-                        <td style="padding:10px;">实现 ModelDriven 接口</td>
-                        <td style="padding:10px;">复杂对象，表单字段多</td>
-                    </tr>
-                </table>
-            </div>
+        <pre>public class UserAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven&lt;User&gt; {
+    private final User user = new User();
 
-            <h2>2. 方式一：属性驱动 (Property Driven)</h2>
-            
-            <h3>2.1 基本属性封装</h3>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">/**
- * 直接在 Action 中定义属性
- * 表单: &lt;input name="username"&gt; 会自动调用 setUsername()
- */</span>
-<span class="keyword">public class</span> UserAction <span class="keyword">extends</span> ActionSupport {
-    
-    <span class="comment">// Struts2 自动调用 setter 注入参数</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String username;
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String email;
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> Integer age;
-    
-    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String execute() {
-        System.out.println(username + <span class="string">" - "</span> + email + <span class="string">" - "</span> + age);
-        <span class="keyword">return</span> SUCCESS;
-    }
-    
-    <span class="comment">// 必须提供 setter 和 getter</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getUsername() { <span class="keyword">return</span> username; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setUsername(String username) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.username = username; }
-    
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getEmail() { <span class="keyword">return</span> email; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setEmail(String email) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.email = email; }
-    
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> Integer getAge() { <span class="keyword">return</span> age; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setAge(Integer age) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.age = age; }
-}</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h3>2.2 复杂属性 (嵌套对象)</h3>
-            <div class="section">
-                <p>表单中的 <code>user.username</code> 会自动调用 setUser(用户对象).setUsername()</p>
-                <pre><span class="comment">// Action</span>
-<span class="keyword">private</span> User user;  <span class="comment">// 包含 username, email 属性的对象</span>
-
-<span class="comment">// 表单</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;input</span> name=<span class="string">"user.username"</span>/&gt;
-<span class="keyword">&lt;input</span> name=<span class="string">"user.email"</span>/&gt;</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>3. 方式二：模型驱动 (ModelDriven)</h2>
-            <div class="note">
-                <strong>💡 推荐：</strong> 对于复杂表单，使用模型驱动更清晰，Action 和 Model 分离
-            </div>
-            
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="keyword">import</span> com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
-
-<span class="comment">/**
- * 实现 ModelDriven 接口
- * 需要:
- * 1. 实现 getModel() 方法
- * 2. 泛型指定模型类型
- */</span>
-<span class="keyword">public class</span> UserAction <span class="keyword">extends</span> ActionSupport <span class="keyword">implements</span> ModelDriven&lt;User&gt; {
-    
-    <span class="comment">// 模型对象</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> User user = <span class="keyword">new</span> User();
-    
-    <span class="comment">/**
-     * 返回模型对象
-     * Struts2 会把参数注入到返回的对象中
-     */</span>
-    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> User getModel() {
-        <span class="keyword">return</span> user;
-    }
-    
-    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String execute() {
-        <span class="comment">// 直接使用 user 对象</span>
-        System.out.println(user.getUsername());
-        <span class="keyword">return</span> SUCCESS;
+    @Override
+    public User getModel() {
+        return user;
     }
 }</pre>
-            </div>
 
-            <h2>4. List/Map 属性封装</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">// Action - 接收 List</span>
-<span class="keyword">private</span> List&lt;User&gt; users;
-<span class="keyword">public void</span> setUsers(List&lt;User&gt; users) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.users = users; }
-<span class="keyword">public</span> List&lt;User&gt; getUsers() { <span class="keyword">return</span> users; }
-
-<span class="comment">// 页面表单 - users[0].username, users[1].username</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;input</span> name=<span class="string">"users[0].username"</span> value=<span class="string">"张三"</span>/&gt;
-<span class="keyword">&lt;input</span> name=<span class="string">"users[1].username"</span> value=<span class="string">"李四"</span>/&gt;
-
-<span class="comment">// Action - 接收 Map</span>
-<span class="keyword">private</span> Map&lt;String, User&gt; userMap;
-<span class="keyword">&lt;input</span> name=<span class="string">"userMap['one'].username"</span>/&gt;</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>5. 封装流程图</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre style="text-align: center; font-size: 1.1em;">
-请求参数 → Action  setter 方法 → 属性赋值
-                ↓
-      实现 ModelDriven → getModel() → 模型对象赋值
-                ↓
-             值栈 (Value Stack)</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <div style="margin-top: 30px;">
-                <a href="/demo/upload" class="btn">下一节：文件上传 →</a>
-                <a href="/" class="btn" style="background: #764ba2;">← 返回首页</a>
-            </div>
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="btn" href="../../user/form.jsp">Open user form</a>
+            <a class="btn" href="../../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/demo/upload/index.jsp

@@ -1,101 +1,49 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html lang="zh-CN">
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <title>文件上传 - Struts2 学习</title>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Upload Guide</title>
     <style>
-        body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea, #764ba2); min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; padding: 20px; }
-        .container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .breadcrumb { background: white; padding: 15px 25px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .content { background: white; border-radius: 20px; padding: 40px; }
-        h1 { color: #667eea; border-bottom: 3px solid #667eea; padding-bottom: 15px; }
-        h2 { color: #764ba2; margin-top: 30px; }
-        .section { margin: 25px 0; padding: 20px; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 10px; }
-        pre { background: #1e1e1e; color: #d4d4d4; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; overflow-x: auto; }
-        .keyword { color: #569cd6; }
-        .string { color: #ce9178; }
-        .comment { color: #6a9955; }
-        .btn { display: inline-block; padding: 12px 30px; background: #667eea; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 25px; }
+        body { margin: 0; padding: 24px; font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0ea5e9, #38bdf8); }
+        .shell { max-width: 980px; margin: 0 auto; background: rgba(255,255,255,0.96); border-radius: 28px; padding: 28px; box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18); }
+        .eyebrow { font-size: 12px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; color: #0284c7; font-weight: 800; }
+        h1, h2 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p, li { color: #53667d; line-height: 1.9; }
+        pre { background: #101827; color: #d9e7ff; padding: 18px; border-radius: 18px; overflow-x: auto; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .btn { display: inline-flex; padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 999px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: 700; background: #edf7ff; color: #0284c7; }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="breadcrumb">
-            <a href="/">🏠 首页</a> / 文件上传
-        </div>
-        <div class="content">
-            <h1>📁 文件上传</h1>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Guide</div>
+        <h1>Upload demo guide</h1>
+        <p>The refreshed upload flow is deliberately safer for demo use. It shows multipart binding and metadata capture without persisting files.</p>
 
-            <h2>1. 单文件上传</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">// Action</span>
-<span class="keyword">public class</span> UploadAction <span class="keyword">extends</span> ActionSupport {
+        <h2>Core binding fields</h2>
+        <ul>
+            <li><code>File upload</code> for the primary file object.</li>
+            <li><code>String uploadFileName</code> for the original filename.</li>
+            <li><code>String uploadContentType</code> for the MIME type.</li>
+            <li>Optional lists for multiple files.</li>
+        </ul>
 
-    <span class="comment">// 文件对象</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> File upload;
+        <pre>public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport {
+    private File upload;
+    private String uploadFileName;
+    private String uploadContentType;
 
-    <span class="comment">// 文件名 (格式: 属性名FileName)</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String uploadFileName;
-    
-    <span class="comment">// 文件类型 (格式: 属性名ContentType)</span>
-    <span class="keyword">private</span> String uploadContentType;
-    
-    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String execute() <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception {
-        <span class="comment">// 保存文件</span>
-        String path = ServletActionContext.getServletContext()
-            .getRealPath(<span class="string">"/upload"</span>);
-        <span class="keyword">new</span> File(path, uploadFileName).createNewFile();
-        
-        <span class="comment">// 复制文件</span>
-        FileUtils.copyFile(upload, <span class="keyword">new</span> File(path, uploadFileName));
-        
-        <span class="keyword">return</span> SUCCESS;
+    public String execute() {
+        // demo keeps metadata only
+        return SUCCESS;
     }
-    
-    <span class="comment">// getter/setter</span>
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> File getUpload() { <span class="keyword">return</span> upload; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setUpload(File upload) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.upload = upload; }
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getUploadFileName() { <span class="keyword">return</span> uploadFileName; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; }
-    <span class="keyword">public</span> String getUploadContentType() { <span class="keyword">return</span> uploadContentType; }
-    <span class="keyword">public void</span> setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) { <span class="keyword">this</span>.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; }
 }</pre>
-            </div>
 
-            <h2>2. JSP 表单</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">&lt;%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;s:form</span> action=<span class="string">"upload"</span> method=<span class="string">"post"</span> enctype=<span class="string">"multipart/form-data"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;s:file</span> name=<span class="string">"upload"</span> label=<span class="string">"选择文件"</span>/&gt;
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;s:submit</span> value=<span class="string">"上传"</span>/&gt;
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/s:form&gt;</span></pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>3. 多文件上传</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">// 使用 List 接收多文件</span>
-<span class="keyword">private</span> List&lt;File&gt; uploads;
-<span class="keyword">private</span> List&lt;String&gt; uploadsFileName;
-
-<span class="comment">// 表单</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;s:file</span> name=<span class="string">"uploads"</span> multiple=<span class="string">"multiple"</span>/&gt;</pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <h2>4. 限制文件大小和类型</h2>
-            <div class="section">
-                <pre><span class="comment">// struts.xml 配置</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;action</span> name=<span class="string">"upload"</span> class=<span class="string">"com.demo.UploadAction"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;interceptor-ref</span> name=<span class="string">"fileUpload"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;param</span> name=<span class="string">"maximumSize"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>10485760<span class="keyword">&lt;/param&gt;</span><span class="comment">&lt;!-- 10MB --&gt;</span>
-        <span class="keyword">&lt;param</span> name=<span class="string">"allowedTypes"</span><span class="keyword">&gt;</span>image/png,image/jpeg<span class="keyword">&lt;/param&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;/interceptor-ref&gt;</span>
-    <span class="keyword">&lt;result&gt;</span>/upload/success.jsp<span class="keyword">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
-<span class="keyword">&lt;/action&gt;</span></pre>
-            </div>
-            
-            <a href="/demo/ajax" class="btn">下一节：AJAX →</a>
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="btn" href="../../upload/index.jsp">Open upload demo</a>
+            <a class="btn" href="../../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/error/404.jsp

@@ -1,21 +1,47 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <title>404 - 页面未找到</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>404 - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
-        body { font-family: sans-serif; background: #f5f5f5; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 100vh; }
-        .card { background: white; padding: 50px; border-radius: 15px; text-align: center; }
-        h1 { color: #e53935; font-size: 4em; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        p { color: #666; }
-        a { color: #667eea; }
+        body {
+            margin: 0;
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #122c63 0%, #1464c7 52%, #f68b1f 100%);
+        }
+        .card {
+            width: min(680px, calc(100vw - 32px));
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            text-align: center;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
+        }
+        h1 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 52px; color: #1464c7; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #56697f; line-height: 1.85; }
+        a {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            padding: 12px 18px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #e8f2ff;
+            color: #1464c7;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div class="card">
         <h1>404</h1>
-        <p>页面未找到</p>
-        <p><a href="../index.jsp">返回首页</a></p>
+        <p>The requested demo page was not found. Use the portal to jump back into the working Struts2 examples.</p>
+        <a href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

web/error/500.jsp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>500 - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            margin: 0;
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #7f1d1d 0%, #dc2626 55%, #fee2e2 100%);
+        }
+        .card {
+            width: min(700px, calc(100vw - 32px));
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            text-align: center;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
+        }
+        h1 { margin: 0 0 12px; font-size: 52px; color: #b91c1c; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #6d4b4b; line-height: 1.85; }
+        a {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            padding: 12px 18px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #fee2e2;
+            color: #b91c1c;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="card">
+        <h1>500</h1>
+        <p>The demo hit an internal error. Return to the portal and try one of the working examples again.</p>
+        <a href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>

web/hello.jsp

@@ -1,47 +1,124 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <title>Hello - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Hello Action - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
             display: flex;
             align-items: center;
             justify-content: center;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1464c7 0%, #3f8df7 52%, #f68b1f 100%);
+            color: #122033;
         }
         .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 50px;
-            border-radius: 20px;
-            text-align: center;
-            box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
+            width: min(860px, calc(100vw - 32px));
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.94);
+            border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.45);
+            border-radius: 30px;
+            padding: 30px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
+        }
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #1464c7;
+            font-weight: 800;
         }
         h1 {
-            color: #667eea; 
-            font-size: 3em;
-            margin-bottom: 20px;
+            margin: 12px 0;
+            font-size: 42px;
+            line-height: 1.12;
         }
-        p { color: #666; font-size: 1.2em; }
-        .btn {
+        p {
+            margin: 0;
+            color: #53667d;
+            line-height: 1.9;
+        }
+        .grid {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+            gap: 14px;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+        }
+        .panel {
+            padding: 18px;
+            border-radius: 20px;
+            background: #f6f9fd;
+            border: 1px solid #dbe5f0;
+        }
+        .panel h3 {
+            margin: 0 0 8px;
+            font-size: 18px;
+        }
+        .panel code {
             display: inline-block;
-            margin-top: 30px;
-            padding: 14px 40px;
-            background: #667eea;
-            color: white;
+            margin-top: 8px;
+            padding: 4px 8px;
+            border-radius: 10px;
+            background: #e8f2ff;
+            color: #1464c7;
+        }
+        .actions {
+            display: flex;
+            gap: 10px;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            margin-top: 24px;
+        }
+        .btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            padding: 12px 18px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
             text-decoration: none;
-            border-radius: 30px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+        .btn-primary { background: #1464c7; color: #fff; }
+        .btn-soft { background: #e8f2ff; color: #1464c7; }
+        @media (max-width: 720px) {
+            .grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
         }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div class="card">
-        <h1><s:property value="message" default="Hello World!"/></h1>
-        <p>Struts2 Action 执行成功！</p>
-        <a href="index.jsp" class="btn">返回首页</a>
+        <div class="eyebrow">Hello Action</div>
+        <h1><s:property value="message" default="Hello from Struts2!"/></h1>
+        <p>This page proves the classic request -> action -> result flow. It accepts a name parameter, prepares a response in the action, and renders it through the JSP view.</p>
+
+        <div class="grid">
+            <section class="panel">
+                <h3>What just happened</h3>
+                <p><s:property value="tip" default="The action populated a few view properties before returning SUCCESS."/></p>
+            </section>
+            <section class="panel">
+                <h3>Good next step</h3>
+                <p><s:property value="nextStep" default="Open the login flow next."/></p>
+            </section>
+            <section class="panel">
+                <h3>Try another request</h3>
+                <p>Use a custom query parameter to change the greeting.</p>
+                <code><s:property value="requestSample" default="/hello?name=Platform%20Team"/></code>
+            </section>
+            <section class="panel">
+                <h3>Current input</h3>
+                <p>Name value: <strong><s:property value="name" default="World"/></strong></p>
+            </section>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="actions">
+            <a class="btn btn-primary" href="hello?name=Platform%20Team">Run again with sample name</a>
+            <a class="btn btn-soft" href="user/login.jsp">Open login demo</a>
+            <a class="btn btn-soft" href="index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+        </div>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

web/upload/index.jsp

@@ -1,86 +1,116 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <title>文件上传 - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Upload Demo - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #4facfe 0%, #00f2fe 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
-            padding: 20px;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0ea5e9 0%, #38bdf8 55%, #dff4ff 100%);
         }
-        .container { max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 30px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            box-shadow: 0 15px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
+        .shell {
+            max-width: 860px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
         }
-        h2 { color: #4facfe; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .info {
-            background: #fff3e0;
-            padding: 15px;
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            margin-bottom: 20px;
-            border-left: 4px solid #ff9800;
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #0284c7;
+            font-weight: 800;
         }
-        .form-group { margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #555; font-weight: 500; }
+        h1 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #54687c; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .note {
+            margin-top: 16px;
+            padding: 16px;
+            border-radius: 18px;
+            background: #eef8ff;
+            border: 1px solid #d6e9f7;
+        }
+        .field { margin-top: 16px; }
+        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; font-weight: 700; color: #173652; }
         input[type="file"] {
             width: 100%;
-            padding: 12px; 
-            border: 2px dashed #4facfe;
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            background: #f0f9ff;
+            padding: 16px;
+            border-radius: 16px;
+            border: 1px dashed #5ab8f0;
+            background: #f8fcff;
         }
         button {
             width: 100%;
+            margin-top: 18px;
             padding: 14px;
-            background: #4facfe;
+            border: 0;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0284c7, #38bdf8);
             color: white;
-            border: none;
-            border-radius: 8px;
             font-size: 16px;
+            font-weight: 800;
             cursor: pointer;
         }
-        button:hover { background: #00c6fb; }
+        .action-error {
+            margin-top: 16px;
+            padding: 14px;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            background: #fff1f1;
+            color: #b63a3a;
+            border: 1px solid #f1c4c4;
+        }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #edf7ff;
+            color: #0284c7;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="card">
-            <h2>📁 文件上传</h2>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Upload demo</div>
+        <h1>Capture file metadata without writing anything to disk</h1>
+        <p>This safer upload sample focuses on how Struts binds multipart form fields. The action records metadata only, which makes the demo easier to run in constrained environments.</p>
 
-            <div class="info">
-                <strong>Struts2 文件上传原理：</strong>
-                <ul style="margin:10px 0 0 20px;">
-                    <li>使用 <code>File</code> 类型接收文件</li>
-                    <li>使用 <code>String fileName</code> 获取原始文件名</li>
-                    <li>使用 <code>String contentType</code> 获取文件类型</li>
-                    <li>底层使用 commons-fileupload</li>
-                </ul>
+        <div class="note">
+            <strong>What the action collects</strong>
+            <p style="margin-top: 8px;">Primary filename, content type, and total selected file count.</p>
+        </div>
+
+        <s:if test="hasActionErrors()">
+            <div class="action-error"><s:actionerror/></div>
+        </s:if>
+
+        <s:form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" namespace="/">
+            <div class="field">
+                <label>Primary file</label>
+                <s:file name="upload"/>
             </div>
 
-            <s:form action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>选择文件</label>
-                    <s:file name="upload"/>
-                </div>
+            <div class="field">
+                <label>Extra files</label>
+                <s:file name="uploads" multiple="multiple"/>
+            </div>
 
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>选择文件 (多文件)</label>
-                    <s:file name="uploads" multiple="multiple"/>
-                </div>
+            <button type="submit">Submit upload metadata</button>
+        </s:form>
 
-                <button type="submit">上传文件</button>
-            </s:form>
-            
-            <p style="text-align:center;margin-top:20px;">
-                <a href="../index.jsp">← 返回首页</a>
-            </p>
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../demo/upload/index.jsp">Open upload guide</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/upload/success.jsp

@@ -1,39 +1,92 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
+<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <title>操作成功</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Upload Summary - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #11998e 0%, #38ef7d 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
             display: flex;
             align-items: center;
             justify-content: center;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0ea5e9 0%, #38bdf8 55%, #dff4ff 100%);
         }
         .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 40px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            text-align: center;
+            width: min(760px, 100%);
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
         }
-        h1 { color: #11998e; }
-        .btn {
-            display: inline-block;
-            margin-top: 20px;
-            padding: 12px 30px;
-            background: #11998e;
-            color: white;
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #0284c7;
+            font-weight: 800;
+        }
+        h1 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #53677b; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .stats {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
+            gap: 12px;
+            margin-top: 18px;
+        }
+        .stat {
+            padding: 16px;
+            border-radius: 18px;
+            background: #f5fbff;
+            border: 1px solid #d8ebf8;
+        }
+        .stat span { display: block; font-size: 12px; color: #62809d; margin-bottom: 6px; }
+        .stat strong { font-size: 20px; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #edf7ff;
+            color: #0284c7;
             text-decoration: none;
-            border-radius: 25px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 720px) {
+            .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
         }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div class="card">
-        <h1>✅ 操作成功！</h1>
-        <a href="../../index.jsp" class="btn">返回首页</a>
+        <div class="eyebrow">Upload summary</div>
+        <h1>Upload metadata captured successfully</h1>
+        <p><s:property value="summary" default="The demo collected upload metadata without persisting files."/></p>
+
+        <div class="stats">
+            <div class="stat">
+                <span>Selected files</span>
+                <strong><s:property value="fileCount" default="0"/></strong>
+            </div>
+            <div class="stat">
+                <span>Primary filename</span>
+                <strong><s:property value="uploadFileName" default="Not provided"/></strong>
+            </div>
+            <div class="stat">
+                <span>Content type</span>
+                <strong><s:property value="uploadContentType" default="Unknown"/></strong>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="link-btn" href="index.jsp">Try another upload</a>
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+        </div>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

web/user/form.jsp

@@ -1,57 +1,101 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <title>用户表单 - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>User Form - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f093fb 0%, #f5576c 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
-            padding: 20px;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f97316 0%, #fb923c 50%, #ffedd5 100%);
         }
-        .container { max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 30px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            box-shadow: 0 15px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
+        .shell {
+            max-width: 820px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
+        }
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #ea580c;
+            font-weight: 800;
+        }
+        h1 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #6c5545; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .field { margin-top: 16px; }
+        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; font-weight: 700; color: #4c3422; }
+        input {
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 13px 14px;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            border: 1px solid #ead8ca;
+            font: inherit;
         }
-        h2 { color: #f5576c; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .form-group { margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #555; }
-        input { width: 100%; padding: 12px; border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 8px; }
         button {
             width: 100%;
+            margin-top: 18px;
             padding: 14px;
-            background: #f5576c;
+            border: 0;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ea580c, #fb923c);
             color: white;
-            border: none;
-            border-radius: 8px;
+            font-size: 16px;
+            font-weight: 800;
             cursor: pointer;
         }
+        .error { color: #c2410c; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 6px; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #fff1e8;
+            color: #c2410c;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="card">
-            <h2>👤 用户信息提交</h2>
-            <s:form action="submitUser">
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>用户名</label>
-                    <s:textfield name="username"/>
-                </div>
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>邮箱</label>
-                    <s:textfield name="email"/>
-                </div>
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>电话</label>
-                    <s:textfield name="phone"/>
-                </div>
-                <button type="submit">提交</button>
-            </s:form>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">User action</div>
+        <h1>Capture a user profile through Struts binding</h1>
+        <p>This form now demonstrates a more realistic user intake flow with field errors and a structured success screen.</p>
+
+        <s:form action="submitUser" method="post" namespace="/">
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="username">Username</label>
+                <s:textfield id="username" name="username" placeholder="platform-owner"/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="username"/></div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="email">Email</label>
+                <s:textfield id="email" name="email" placeholder="platform@example.com"/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="email"/></div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="phone">Phone</label>
+                <s:textfield id="phone" name="phone" placeholder="13800000000"/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="phone"/></div>
+            </div>
+
+            <button type="submit">Submit profile</button>
+        </s:form>
+
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+            <a class="link-btn" href="login.jsp">Open login demo</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/user/login.jsp

@@ -1,94 +1,176 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <title>用户登录 - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Login Demo - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
             display: flex;
             align-items: center;
             justify-content: center;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #122c63 0%, #1464c7 52%, #4db5ff 100%);
         }
-        .login-box {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 40px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            box-shadow: 0 15px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
-            width: 400px;
+        .shell {
+            width: min(1040px, 100%);
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: 1fr 420px;
+            gap: 18px;
+        }
+        .panel {
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
+        }
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #1464c7;
+            font-weight: 800;
+        }
+        h1, h2 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #566a80; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .note {
+            margin-top: 18px;
+            padding: 16px;
+            border-radius: 18px;
+            background: #edf5ff;
+            border: 1px solid #d7e5f7;
+        }
+        .stats {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+            gap: 12px;
+            margin-top: 18px;
+        }
+        .stat {
+            padding: 14px;
+            border-radius: 18px;
+            border: 1px solid #d7e5f7;
+            background: #f8fbff;
+        }
+        .stat strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 6px; }
+        .field {
+            margin-bottom: 16px;
+        }
+        label {
+            display: block;
+            margin-bottom: 8px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+            color: #1f3650;
         }
-        h2 { color: #333; margin-bottom: 30px; text-align: center; }
-        .form-group { margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #555; font-weight: 500; }
         input {
             width: 100%;
-            padding: 12px; 
-            border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; 
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            font-size: 14px;
-            transition: border-color 0.3s;
+            padding: 13px 14px;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            border: 1px solid #d6e1ed;
+            font: inherit;
         }
-        input:focus { border-color: #667eea; outline: none; }
-        .error { color: #e53935; font-size: 0.85em; margin-top: 5px; }
-        .error-field { border-color: #e53935 !important; }
         button {
             width: 100%;
             padding: 14px;
-            background: #667eea;
+            border: 0;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #1464c7, #3d8ef6);
             color: white;
-            border: none;
-            border-radius: 8px;
             font-size: 16px;
+            font-weight: 800;
             cursor: pointer;
-            transition: background 0.3s;
         }
-        button:hover { background: #764ba2; }
-        .tips {
-            background: #e8f5e9;
-            padding: 15px;
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            margin-bottom: 20px;
-            font-size: 0.9em;
-            color: #2e7d32;
+        .error {
+            color: #c53d3d;
+            font-size: 13px;
+            margin-top: 6px;
+        }
+        .action-error {
+            margin: 0 0 16px;
+            padding: 14px;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            background: #fff1f1;
+            color: #b63a3a;
+            border: 1px solid #f1c4c4;
+        }
+        .links {
+            display: flex;
+            gap: 10px;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            margin-top: 18px;
+        }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #edf5ff;
+            color: #1464c7;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 860px) {
+            .shell { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
         }
-        a { color: #667eea; text-decoration: none; }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="login-box">
-        <h2>🔐 用户登录</h2>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <section class="panel">
+            <div class="eyebrow">Demo login</div>
+            <h1>Login flow with validation and guided next steps</h1>
+            <p>This page turns the original login example into a better teaching demo. It keeps validation close to the form, shows a reusable credentials note, and links to follow-up demos after success.</p>
 
-        <div class="tips">
-            <strong>测试账号：</strong> admin / 123456
-        </div>
-        
-        <!-- Struts2 表单标签 -->
-        <s:form action="login" method="post" namespace="/">
-            <div class="form-group">
-                <label>用户名</label>
-                <s:textfield name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名" cssClass="%{hasErrors('username') ? 'error-field' : ''}"/>
-                <s:fielderror fieldName="username"/>
+            <div class="note">
+                <strong>Demo credentials</strong>
+                <p style="margin-top: 8px;">Username: <code>admin</code><br/>Password: <code>123456</code></p>
             </div>
 
-            <div class="form-group">
-                <label>密码</label>
-                <s:password name="password" placeholder="请输入密码" showPassword="true"/>
-                <s:fielderror fieldName="password"/>
+            <div class="stats">
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <strong>What this demonstrates</strong>
+                    <span>Action execution, field validation, action errors, and result routing.</span>
+                </div>
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <strong>Suggested next route</strong>
+                    <span>After login, continue with the user form or validation demo.</span>
+                </div>
             </div>
 
-            <!-- 显示 Action 错误消息 -->
-            <s:actionerror/>
+            <div class="links">
+                <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+                <a class="link-btn" href="../hello?name=Team">Run hello action</a>
+            </div>
+        </section>
 
-            <button type="submit">登录</button>
-        </s:form>
+        <section class="panel">
+            <div class="eyebrow">Sign in</div>
+            <h2>Enter the demo account</h2>
 
-        <p style="text-align:center;margin-top:20px;">
-            <a href="index.jsp">← 返回首页</a>
-        </p>
+            <s:if test="hasActionErrors()">
+                <div class="action-error"><s:actionerror/></div>
+            </s:if>
+
+            <s:form action="login" method="post" namespace="/">
+                <div class="field">
+                    <label for="username">Username</label>
+                    <s:textfield id="username" name="username" placeholder="admin"/>
+                    <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="username"/></div>
+                </div>
+
+                <div class="field">
+                    <label for="password">Password</label>
+                    <s:password id="password" name="password" placeholder="123456" showPassword="true"/>
+                    <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="password"/></div>
+                </div>
+
+                <button type="submit">Continue to the dashboard</button>
+            </s:form>
+        </section>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

web/user/success.jsp

@@ -1,44 +1,133 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <title>登录成功 - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Success Dashboard - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #11998e 0%, #38ef7d 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0d8f7c 0%, #31c48d 55%, #d4f7e7 100%);
+            color: #123028;
+        }
+        .shell {
+            max-width: 1080px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
             display: flex;
-            align-items: center;
-            justify-content: center;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            gap: 18px;
         }
         .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 40px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            text-align: center;
-            box-shadow: 0 15px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.94);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
         }
-        h1 { color: #11998e; font-size: 3em; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        p { color: #666; font-size: 1.2em; margin-bottom: 30px; }
-        .btn {
-            display: inline-block;
-            padding: 12px 30px;
-            background: #11998e;
-            color: white;
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #0d8f7c;
+            font-weight: 800;
+        }
+        h1, h2 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #446056; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .stats {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
+            gap: 12px;
+            margin-top: 18px;
+        }
+        .stat {
+            padding: 16px;
+            border-radius: 18px;
+            border: 1px solid #d7eee6;
+            background: #f7fcfa;
+        }
+        .stat span { display: block; color: #5f7f75; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 6px; }
+        .stat strong { font-size: 22px; }
+        .links {
+            display: flex;
+            gap: 10px;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            margin-top: 18px;
+        }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #e8f8f2;
+            color: #0d8f7c;
             text-decoration: none;
-            border-radius: 25px;
-            transition: transform 0.3s;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 760px) {
+            .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
         }
-        .btn:hover { transform: scale(1.05); }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="card">
-        <h1>✅ 登录成功！</h1>
-        <p>欢迎回来，<s:property value="username"/>！</p>
-        <a href="../index.jsp" class="btn">返回首页</a>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <section class="card">
+            <div class="eyebrow">Result</div>
+            <h1>Demo flow completed successfully</h1>
+            <p>This page now acts as a shared success dashboard for multiple form-based actions. It makes the result screen more useful than a single success line.</p>
+        </section>
+
+        <section class="card">
+            <div class="eyebrow">Current submission</div>
+            <h2><s:property value="displayName != null ? displayName : username"/></h2>
+            <p><s:property value="recommendation != null ? recommendation : profileStage"/></p>
+
+            <div class="stats">
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <span>Username</span>
+                    <strong><s:property value="username" default="demo-user"/></strong>
+                </div>
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <span>Role or stage</span>
+                    <strong><s:property value="role != null ? role : profileStage"/></strong>
+                </div>
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <span>Timestamp</span>
+                    <strong><s:property value="loginTime != null ? loginTime : submittedAt"/></strong>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+
+            <div class="links">
+                <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+                <a class="link-btn" href="form.jsp">Open user form</a>
+                <a class="link-btn" href="../validation/form.jsp">Run validation demo</a>
+                <a class="link-btn" href="../upload/index.jsp">Open upload demo</a>
+            </div>
+        </section>
+
+        <section class="card">
+            <div class="eyebrow">What happened</div>
+            <h2>Map this result back to the Struts stack</h2>
+            <div class="stats">
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <span>Action mapping</span>
+                    <strong>login</strong>
+                    <p>The request matched the <code>login</code> action in <code>struts.xml</code>.</p>
+                </div>
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <span>Execute result</span>
+                    <strong>SUCCESS</strong>
+                    <p>The action returned the success result instead of redisplaying the form.</p>
+                </div>
+                <div class="stat">
+                    <span>Rendered view</span>
+                    <strong>/user/success.jsp</strong>
+                    <p>The result mapping selected this JSP to present the post-action summary.</p>
+                </div>
+            </div>
+        </section>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>

web/validation/form.jsp

@@ -1,102 +1,108 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
-    <title>表单验证 - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Validation Demo - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f093fb 0%, #f5576c 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
-            padding: 20px;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #db2777 0%, #f472b6 55%, #ffe4f1 100%);
         }
-        .container { max-width: 600px; margin: 0 auto; }
-        .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 30px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            box-shadow: 0 15px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
+        .shell {
+            max-width: 900px;
+            margin: 0 auto;
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
         }
-        h2 { color: #f5576c; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .form-group { margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: #555; font-weight: 500; }
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #db2777;
+            font-weight: 800;
+        }
+        h1 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #6e5565; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .field { margin-top: 16px; }
+        label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; font-weight: 700; color: #4a223b; }
         input, textarea {
             width: 100%;
-            padding: 12px; 
-            border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; 
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            font-size: 14px;
+            padding: 13px 14px;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            border: 1px solid #ecd6e0;
+            font: inherit;
         }
-        input:focus, textarea:focus { border-color: #f5576c; outline: none; }
-        .error { color: #e53935; font-size: 0.85em; margin-top: 5px; }
+        textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 120px; }
         button {
             width: 100%;
+            margin-top: 18px;
             padding: 14px;
-            background: #f5576c;
+            border: 0;
+            border-radius: 14px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #db2777, #f472b6);
             color: white;
-            border: none;
-            border-radius: 8px;
             font-size: 16px;
+            font-weight: 800;
             cursor: pointer;
         }
-        button:hover { background: #e91e63; }
-        .info {
-            background: #e3f2fd;
-            padding: 15px;
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            margin-bottom: 20px;
-        }
-        code {
-            background: #f5f5f5;
-            padding: 2px 6px;
-            border-radius: 3px;
-            color: #e91e63;
+        .error { color: #c0265d; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 6px; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #fff0f7;
+            color: #db2777;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            font-weight: 700;
         }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
-    <div class="container">
-        <div class="card">
-            <h2>📝 表单验证示例</h2>
+    <div class="shell">
+        <div class="eyebrow">Validation demo</div>
+        <h1>Test field validation with realistic profile inputs</h1>
+        <p>This form shows how Struts2 can keep validation close to the action while still rendering a friendlier teaching page.</p>
 
-            <div class="info">
-                <strong>验证方式：</strong>
-                <ul style="margin:10px 0 0 20px;">
-                    <li>在 Action 中重写 <code>validate()</code> 方法</li>
-                    <li>使用 XML 验证文件 (ActionName-validation.xml)</li>
-                    <li>使用注解验证 (@Required, @IntRange 等)</li>
-                </ul>
+        <s:form action="validate" method="post" namespace="/">
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="username">Username (3-20 chars)</label>
+                <s:textfield id="username" name="username" placeholder="release-manager"/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="username"/></div>
             </div>
 
-            <s:form action="validate" method="post">
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>用户名 (3-20字符)</label>
-                    <s:textfield name="username"/>
-                    <s:fielderror fieldName="username"/>
-                </div>
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="email">Email</label>
+                <s:textfield id="email" name="email" placeholder="release@example.com"/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="email"/></div>
+            </div>
 
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>邮箱</label>
-                    <s:textfield name="email"/>
-                    <s:fielderror fieldName="email"/>
-                </div>
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="age">Age (18-60)</label>
+                <s:textfield id="age" name="age" placeholder="30"/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="age"/></div>
+            </div>
 
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>年龄 (18-60)</label>
-                    <s:textfield name="age"/>
-                    <s:fielderror fieldName="age"/>
-                </div>
+            <div class="field">
+                <label for="bio">Bio</label>
+                <s:textarea id="bio" name="bio" placeholder="Describe the role, strengths, or current platform focus."/>
+                <div class="error"><s:fielderror fieldName="bio"/></div>
+            </div>
 
-                <div class="form-group">
-                    <label>个人简介</label>
-                    <s:textarea name="bio" rows="4"/>
-                </div>
+            <button type="submit">Validate this profile</button>
+        </s:form>
 
-                <s:actionerror/>
-                <button type="submit">提交验证</button>
-            </s:form>
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../demo/ajax/index.jsp">Read the JSON guide</a>
         </div>
     </div>
 </body>

web/validation/success.jsp

@@ -1,54 +1,99 @@
 <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
 <!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
+<html lang="en">
 <head>
-    <title>验证成功 - Struts2 Demo</title>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Validation Summary - Struts2 Demo Lab</title>
     <style>
         body {
-            font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
-            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #11998e 0%, #38ef7d 100%);
+            margin: 0;
             min-height: 100vh;
             display: flex;
             align-items: center;
             justify-content: center;
+            padding: 24px;
+            font-family: "Aptos", "Segoe UI", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #db2777 0%, #f472b6 55%, #ffe4f1 100%);
         }
         .card {
-            background: white;
-            padding: 40px;
-            border-radius: 15px;
-            text-align: center;
-            min-width: 400px;
+            width: min(820px, 100%);
+            background: rgba(255,255,255,0.95);
+            border-radius: 28px;
+            padding: 28px;
+            box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
         }
-        h1 { color: #11998e; margin-bottom: 20px; }
-        .data {
-            background: #f5f5f5;
-            padding: 20px;
-            border-radius: 8px;
-            text-align: left;
-            margin: 20px 0;
+        .eyebrow {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            letter-spacing: 0.12em;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            color: #db2777;
+            font-weight: 800;
         }
-        .data p { margin: 10px 0; }
-        .btn {
-            display: inline-block;
-            padding: 12px 30px;
-            background: #11998e;
-            color: white;
+        h1 { margin: 10px 0 12px; }
+        p { margin: 0; color: #6a5060; line-height: 1.85; }
+        .stats {
+            display: grid;
+            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
+            gap: 12px;
+            margin-top: 18px;
+        }
+        .stat {
+            padding: 16px;
+            border-radius: 18px;
+            background: #fff5fa;
+            border: 1px solid #f1d8e5;
+        }
+        .stat span { display: block; font-size: 12px; color: #8a697b; margin-bottom: 6px; }
+        .stat strong { font-size: 18px; }
+        .links { display: flex; gap: 10px; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 18px; }
+        .link-btn {
+            display: inline-flex;
+            padding: 10px 14px;
+            border-radius: 999px;
+            background: #fff0f7;
+            color: #db2777;
             text-decoration: none;
-            border-radius: 25px;
+            font-weight: 700;
+        }
+        @media (max-width: 720px) {
+            .stats { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
         }
     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <div class="card">
-        <h1>✅ 验证通过！</h1>
-        <div class="data">
-            <p><strong>用户名：</strong> <s:property value="username"/></p>
-            <p><strong>邮箱：</strong> <s:property value="email"/></p>
-            <p><strong>年龄：</strong> <s:property value="age"/></p>
-            <p><strong>简介：</strong> <s:property value="bio"/></p>
+        <div class="eyebrow">Validation summary</div>
+        <h1>Profile validation passed</h1>
+        <p>The action accepted the submitted fields and calculated a simple profile band for the demo.</p>
+
+        <div class="stats">
+            <div class="stat"><span>Username</span><strong><s:property value="username"/></strong></div>
+            <div class="stat"><span>Email</span><strong><s:property value="email"/></strong></div>
+            <div class="stat"><span>Age</span><strong><s:property value="age"/></strong></div>
+            <div class="stat"><span>Profile band</span><strong><s:property value="scoreBand"/></strong></div>
+            <div class="stat"><span>Submitted at</span><strong><s:property value="submittedAt"/></strong></div>
+            <div class="stat"><span>Bio</span><strong><s:property value="bio" default="No bio submitted."/></strong></div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="links">
+            <a class="link-btn" href="form.jsp">Try validation again</a>
+            <a class="link-btn" href="../index.jsp">Back to portal</a>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="stats">
+            <div class="stat">
+                <span>Rule path</span>
+                <strong>validate()</strong>
+                The action accepted every field, so execution continued to the success result.
+            </div>
+            <div class="stat">
+                <span>Teaching focus</span>
+                <strong>Input before logic</strong>
+                Compare this page with the form error state to explain why validation runs before business output.
+            </div>
         </div>
-        <a href="form.jsp" class="btn">继续测试</a>
     </div>
 </body>
 </html>