Update: web.xml and generated files
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likingcode
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web/demo/validation/index.jsp
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web/demo/validation/index.jsp
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<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="zh-CN">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
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<title>表单验证 - Struts2 学习</title>
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<style>
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body { font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'PingFang SC', sans-serif; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea, #764ba2); min-height: 100vh; margin: 0; padding: 20px; }
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.container { max-width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
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.breadcrumb { background: white; padding: 15px 25px; border-radius: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
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.breadcrumb a { color: #667eea; text-decoration: none; }
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.content { background: white; border-radius: 20px; padding: 40px; box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); }
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h1 { color: #667eea; border-bottom: 3px solid #667eea; padding-bottom: 15px; }
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h2 { color: #764ba2; margin-top: 30px; }
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.section { margin: 25px 0; padding: 20px; background: #f8f9fa; border-radius: 10px; }
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pre { background: #1e1e1e; color: #d4d4d4; padding: 20px; border-radius: 10px; overflow-x: auto; font-size: 0.9em; }
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.keyword { color: #569cd6; }
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.string { color: #ce9178; }
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.comment { color: #6a9955; }
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.btn { display: inline-block; padding: 12px 30px; background: #667eea; color: white; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 25px; margin-right: 10px; }
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.note { background: #fff3e0; border-left: 4px solid #ff9800; padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0; border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; }
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.tip { background: #e3f2fd; border-left: 4px solid #2196f3; padding: 15px; margin: 20px 0; border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0; }
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="breadcrumb">
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<a href="/">🏠 首页</a> / 表单验证
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</div>
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<div class="content">
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<h1>✅ 表单验证</h1>
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<div class="note">
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<strong>📝 本节要点：</strong> 掌握 Struts2 的两种验证方式：编程式验证和声明式验证
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</div>
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<h2>1. 验证方式概览</h2>
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<div class="section">
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<table style="width:100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tr style="background:#667eea; color:white;">
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<th style="padding:10px; text-align:left;">方式</th>
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<th style="padding:10px; text-align:left;">实现方式</th>
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<th style="padding:10px; text-align:left;">适用场景</th>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
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<td style="padding:10px;">编程式</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">重写 validate() 方法</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">简单验证，逻辑复杂</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding:10px;">声明式 - 方法级</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">validateXxx() 方法</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">特定方法的验证</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
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<td style="padding:10px;">声明式 - XML</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">XxxAction-validation.xml</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">可复用，团队协作</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h2>2. 方式一：编程式验证 (validate)</h2>
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<div class="section">
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<pre><span class="keyword">public class</span> LoginAction <span class="keyword">extends</span> ActionSupport {
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<span class="keyword">private</span> String username;
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<span class="keyword">private</span> String password;
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<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
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<span class="keyword">public</span> String execute() {
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<span class="comment">// 登录逻辑...</span>
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<span class="keyword">return</span> SUCCESS;
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}
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<span class="comment">/**
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* 验证方法 - 对所有 execute 方法都生效
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*/</span>
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<span class="annotation">@Override</span>
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<span class="keyword">public void</span> validate() {
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<span class="comment">// 用户名验证</span>
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<span class="keyword">if</span> (username == <span class="keyword">null</span> || username.trim().length() < 3) {
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addFieldError(<span class="string">"username"</span>, <span class="string">"用户名至少3个字符"</span>);
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}
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<span class="comment">// 密码验证</span>
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<span class="keyword">if</span> (password == <span class="keyword">null</span> || password.length() < 6) {
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addFieldError(<span class="string">"password"</span>, <span class="string">"密码至少6个字符"</span>);
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}
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}
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<span class="comment">// getter/setter...</span>
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}</pre>
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</div>
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<h2>3. 方式二：方法级验证 (validateXxx)</h2>
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<div class="section">
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<pre><span class="comment">/**
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* 只验证 register 方法，不验证 login 方法
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*/</span>
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<span class="keyword">public void</span> validateRegister() {
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<span class="keyword">if</span> (email == <span class="keyword">null</span> || !email.contains(<span class="string">"@"</span>)) {
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addFieldError(<span class="string">"email"</span>, <span class="string">"邮箱格式不正确"</span>);
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}
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}</pre>
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</div>
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<h2>4. 方式三：XML 声明式验证</h2>
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<div class="tip">
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<strong>优点：</strong> 验证规则与代码分离，团队协作更清晰，可复用
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</div>
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<h3>4.1 创建验证文件</h3>
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<div class="section">
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<p>文件名格式：<code>ActionName-validation.xml</code></p>
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<p>位置：<code>WEB-INF/classes/com/demo/action/</code></p>
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<pre><span class="comment"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?></span>
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<span class="keyword"><!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC</span>
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<span class="string">"-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"</span>
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<span class="string">"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><validators></span>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 字段验证 --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><field</span> name=<span class="string">"username"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><field-validator</span> type=<span class="string">"requiredstring"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><message></span>用户名不能为空<span class="keyword"></message></span>
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<span class="keyword"></field-validator></span>
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<span class="keyword"><field-validator</span> type=<span class="string">"stringlength"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><param</span> name=<span class="string">"minLength"</span><span class="keyword">></span>3<span class="keyword"></param></span>
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<span class="keyword"><param</span> name=<span class="string">"maxLength"</span><span class="keyword">></span>20<span class="keyword"></param></span>
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<span class="keyword"><message></span>用户名长度3-20字符<span class="keyword"></message></span>
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<span class="keyword"></field-validator></span>
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<span class="keyword"></field></span>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 字段验证：email --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><field</span> name=<span class="string">"email"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><field-validator</span> type=<span class="string">"email"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><message></span>邮箱格式不正确<span class="keyword"></message></span>
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<span class="keyword"></field-validator></span>
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<span class="keyword"></field></span>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 非字段验证 --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><validator</span> type=<span class="string">"expression"</span><span class="keyword">></span>
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<span class="keyword"><param</span> name=<span class="string">"expression"</span><span class="keyword">></span>password==confirmPassword<span class="keyword"></param></span>
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<span class="keyword"><message></span>两次密码不一致<span class="keyword"></message></span>
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<span class="keyword"></validator></span>
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<span class="keyword"></validators></span></pre>
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</div>
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<h2>5. 常用验证器类型</h2>
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<div class="section">
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<table style="width:100%; border-collapse: collapse;">
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<tr style="background:#667eea; color:white;">
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<th style="padding:10px; text-align:left;">验证器</th>
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<th style="padding:10px; text-align:left;">说明</th>
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<th style="padding:10px; text-align:left;">示例</th>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
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<td style="padding:10px;">required</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">必填</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">username 不能为空</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding:10px;">requiredstring</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">字符串必填</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">不能为空字符串</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
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<td style="padding:10px;">stringlength</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">字符串长度</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">minLength, maxLength</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding:10px;">email</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">邮箱格式</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">xxx@xxx.com</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
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<td style="padding:10px;">regex</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">正则表达式</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">手机号、身份证等</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding:10px;">int</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">整数范围</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">min, max</td>
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</tr>
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<tr style="background:#f8f9fa;">
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<td style="padding:10px;">url</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">URL 格式</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">http://xxx.com</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="padding:10px;">date</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">日期范围</td>
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<td style="padding:10px;">min, max</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<h2>6. 在 JSP 中显示错误</h2>
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<div class="section">
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<pre><span class="comment"><%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %></span>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 显示特定字段的错误 --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><s:fielderror</span> fieldName=<span class="string">"username"</span>/>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 显示所有字段错误 --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><s:fielderror</span>/>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 显示 Action 级别错误 --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><s:actionerror</span>/>
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<span class="comment"><!-- 显示 Action 级别消息 --></span>
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<span class="keyword"><s:actionmessage</span>/></pre>
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</div>
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<div style="margin-top: 30px;">
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<a href="/demo/model" class="btn">下一节：数据封装 →</a>
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<a href="/" class="btn" style="background: #764ba2;">← 返回首页</a>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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