linux-practice/COURSE_FULL.json

{
  "meta": {
    "version": "3.0",
    "title": "Linux 运维工程师完整教程",
    "author": "PMClaw",
    "updated": "2026-03-06",
    "description": "覆盖菜鸟教程 Linux 全部内容，从入门到精通",
    "total_levels": 12,
    "total_challenges": 80
  },
  "levels": [
    {
      "id": "level_1_basic",
      "title": "🌱 Level 1: Linux 基础入门",
      "description": "Linux 简介、目录结构、基本操作",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l1_1_pwd", "title": "查看当前目录", "description": "使用 pwd 命令显示当前工作目录的完整路径", "hint": "直接输入 pwd", "success_test": "'/' in output", "solution": ["pwd"], "success_msg": "📍 定位成功！"},
        {"id": "l1_2_ls", "title": "列出目录内容", "description": "使用 ls 命令查看当前目录下的文件和文件夹", "hint": "输入 ls", "success_test": "len(output) > 0", "solution": ["ls"], "success_msg": "📂 目录内容已显示！"},
        {"id": "l1_3_ls_l", "title": "详细列表", "description": "使用 ls -l 显示详细信息，包括权限、所有者、大小等", "hint": "ls -l", "success_test": "'total' in output or '-' in output[:20]", "solution": ["ls -l"], "success_msg": "📋 详细信息已获取！"},
        {"id": "l1_4_ls_a", "title": "显示隐藏文件", "description": "使用 ls -a 显示包括隐藏文件在内的所有文件", "hint": "ls -a", "success_test": "'.' in output and '..' in output", "solution": ["ls -a"], "success_msg": "👻 隐藏文件已显示！"},
        {"id": "l1_5_cd", "title": "切换目录", "description": "使用 cd 命令进入 /tmp 目录", "hint": "cd /tmp", "success_test": "cwd == '/tmp'", "solution": ["cd /tmp"], "success_msg": "🚶 目录切换成功！"},
        {"id": "l1_6_cd_back", "title": "返回上级目录", "description": "使用 cd .. 返回上级目录", "hint": "cd ..", "success_test": "cwd != '/tmp'", "solution": ["cd .."], "success_msg": "⬆️ 返回成功！"},
        {"id": "l1_7_cd_home", "title": "返回用户主目录", "description": "使用 cd ~ 或 cd 返回用户主目录", "hint": "cd ~", "success_test": "'home' in cwd or cwd == '/'", "solution": ["cd ~", "cd"], "success_msg": "🏠 已回到家目录！"},
        {"id": "l1_8_clear", "title": "清屏", "description": "使用 clear 命令清屏", "hint": "clear", "success_test": "cmd == 'clear'", "solution": ["clear"], "success_msg": "🧹 屏幕已清空！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_2_file",
      "title": "📁 Level 2: 文件与目录管理",
      "description": "创建、删除、复制、移动文件和目录",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l2_1_mkdir", "title": "创建目录", "description": "使用 mkdir 创建 /tmp/testdir 目录", "hint": "mkdir /tmp/testdir", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/testdir')", "solution": ["mkdir /tmp/testdir"], "success_msg": "📂 目录创建成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_2_mkdir_p", "title": "递归创建目录", "description": "使用 mkdir -p 创建 /tmp/a/b/c 多级目录", "hint": "mkdir -p /tmp/a/b/c", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/a/b/c')", "solution": ["mkdir -p /tmp/a/b/c"], "success_msg": "📁 多级目录创建成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_3_touch", "title": "创建空文件", "description": "使用 touch 创建 /tmp/test.txt 文件", "hint": "touch /tmp/test.txt", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/test.txt')", "solution": ["touch /tmp/test.txt"], "success_msg": "📄 文件创建成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_4_cp", "title": "复制文件", "description": "将 /etc/hosts 复制到 /tmp/hosts.bak", "hint": "cp /etc/hosts /tmp/hosts.bak", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/hosts.bak')", "solution": ["cp /etc/hosts /tmp/hosts.bak"], "success_msg": "📋 文件复制成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_5_cp_r", "title": "复制目录", "description": "使用 cp -r 复制 /etc/skel 到 /tmp/skel_backup", "hint": "cp -r /etc/skel /tmp/skel_backup", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/skel_backup')", "solution": ["cp -r /etc/skel /tmp/skel_backup"], "success_msg": "📁 目录复制成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_6_mv", "title": "移动文件", "description": "将 /tmp/test.txt 移动到 /tmp/testdir/", "hint": "mv /tmp/test.txt /tmp/testdir/", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/testdir/test.txt')", "solution": ["mv /tmp/test.txt /tmp/testdir/"], "success_msg": "🚚 文件移动成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_7_mv_rename", "title": "重命名文件", "description": "将 /tmp/hosts.bak 重命名为 /tmp/hosts.backup", "hint": "mv /tmp/hosts.bak /tmp/hosts.backup", "success_test": "exists('/tmp/hosts.backup')", "solution": ["mv /tmp/hosts.bak /tmp/hosts.backup"], "success_msg": "✏️ 重命名成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_8_rm", "title": "删除文件", "description": "删除 /tmp/hosts.backup 文件", "hint": "rm /tmp/hosts.backup", "success_test": "not exists('/tmp/hosts.backup')", "solution": ["rm /tmp/hosts.backup"], "success_msg": "🗑️ 文件删除成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_9_rm_r", "title": "删除目录", "description": "使用 rm -r 删除 /tmp/skel_backup 目录", "hint": "rm -r /tmp/skel_backup", "success_test": "not exists('/tmp/skel_backup')", "solution": ["rm -r /tmp/skel_backup"], "success_msg": "🗑️ 目录删除成功！"},
        {"id": "l2_10_rm_rf", "title": "强制删除", "description": "使用 rm -rf 强制删除 /tmp/a 目录及其所有内容", "hint": "rm -rf /tmp/a", "success_test": "not exists('/tmp/a')", "solution": ["rm -rf /tmp/a"], "success_msg": "💥 强制删除成功！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_3_view",
      "title": "👁️ Level 3: 文件内容查看",
      "description": "cat、more、less、head、tail 等查看命令",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l3_1_cat", "title": "查看文件内容", "description": "使用 cat 查看 /etc/passwd 文件内容", "hint": "cat /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'root' in output", "solution": ["cat /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "📖 文件内容已显示！"},
        {"id": "l3_2_cat_n", "title": "显示行号", "description": "使用 cat -n 显示 /etc/passwd 并带行号", "hint": "cat -n /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'1 ' in output or ' 1 ' in output", "solution": ["cat -n /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "🔢 行号已显示！"},
        {"id": "l3_3_head", "title": "查看开头", "description": "使用 head 查看 /etc/passwd 前 10 行", "hint": "head /etc/passwd", "success_test": "len(output.split('\\n')) >= 5", "solution": ["head /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "👆 开头内容已显示！"},
        {"id": "l3_4_head_n", "title": "指定行数", "description": "使用 head -n 5 查看前 5 行", "hint": "head -n 5 /etc/passwd", "success_test": "len(output.split('\\n')) <= 7", "solution": ["head -5 /etc/passwd", "head -n 5 /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "📏 指定行数已显示！"},
        {"id": "l3_5_tail", "title": "查看结尾", "description": "使用 tail 查看 /etc/passwd 最后 10 行", "hint": "tail /etc/passwd", "success_test": "len(output) > 10", "solution": ["tail /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "👇 结尾内容已显示！"},
        {"id": "l3_6_tail_f", "title": "实时追踪", "description": "使用 tail -f 实时查看 /var/log/syslog（按 Ctrl+C 退出）", "hint": "tail -f /var/log/syslog", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('tail -f')", "solution": ["tail -f /var/log/syslog"], "success_msg": "👀 实时追踪模式！"},
        {"id": "l3_7_more", "title": "分页查看", "description": "使用 more 分页查看 /etc/passwd", "hint": "more /etc/passwd", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('more')", "solution": ["more /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "📄 分页查看模式！"},
        {"id": "l3_8_less", "title": "可滚动查看", "description": "使用 less 查看 /etc/passwd（支持上下滚动）", "hint": "less /etc/passwd", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('less')", "solution": ["less /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "📜 可滚动查看模式！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_4_permission",
      "title": "🔐 Level 4: 文件权限管理",
      "description": "chmod、chown、chgrp 权限控制",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l4_1_ls_l", "title": "查看权限", "description": "使用 ls -l /etc/passwd 查看文件权限", "hint": "ls -l /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'-' in output or 'r' in output", "solution": ["ls -l /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "👀 权限信息已显示！"},
        {"id": "l4_2_chmod_755", "title": "修改权限为755", "description": "将 /tmp/testdir 权限改为 rwxr-xr-x (755)", "hint": "chmod 755 /tmp/testdir", "success_test": "cmd == 'chmod 755 /tmp/testdir'", "solution": ["chmod 755 /tmp/testdir"], "success_msg": "🔐 权限修改成功！"},
        {"id": "l4_3_chmod_644", "title": "修改权限为644", "description": "将 /tmp/testdir/test.txt 权限改为 rw-r--r-- (644)", "hint": "chmod 644 /tmp/testdir/test.txt", "success_test": "cmd == 'chmod 644 /tmp/testdir/test.txt'", "solution": ["chmod 644 /tmp/testdir/test.txt"], "success_msg": "🔐 权限修改成功！"},
        {"id": "l4_4_chmod_x", "title": "添加执行权限", "description": "给 /tmp/testdir/test.txt 添加可执行权限", "hint": "chmod +x /tmp/testdir/test.txt", "success_test": "cmd == 'chmod +x /tmp/testdir/test.txt'", "solution": ["chmod +x /tmp/testdir/test.txt"], "success_msg": "⚡ 执行权限已添加！"},
        {"id": "l4_5_chmod_r", "title": "移除读权限", "description": "移除 /tmp/testdir/test.txt 的读权限", "hint": "chmod -r /tmp/testdir/test.txt", "success_test": "cmd == 'chmod -r /tmp/testdir/test.txt'", "solution": ["chmod -r /tmp/testdir/test.txt"], "success_msg": "🚫 读权限已移除！"},
        {"id": "l4_6_chown", "title": "修改所有者", "description": "将 /tmp/testdir/test.txt 所有者改为 root", "hint": "chown root /tmp/testdir/test.txt", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('chown')", "solution": ["chown root /tmp/testdir/test.txt"], "success_msg": "👤 所有者已修改！"},
        {"id": "l4_7_chgrp", "title": "修改所属组", "description": "将 /tmp/testdir/test.txt 所属组改为 root", "hint": "chgrp root /tmp/testdir/test.txt", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('chgrp')", "solution": ["chgrp root /tmp/testdir/test.txt"], "success_msg": "👥 所属组已修改！"},
        {"id": "l4_8_chown_r", "title": "递归修改", "description": "递归修改 /tmp/testdir 及其所有内容的所有者为 root", "hint": "chown -R root /tmp/testdir", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('chown -R')", "solution": ["chown -R root /tmp/testdir"], "success_msg": "🔄 递归修改成功！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_5_search",
      "title": "🔍 Level 5: 搜索与过滤",
      "description": "find、grep、which、whereis 搜索命令",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l5_1_find_name", "title": "按名称查找", "description": "在 /etc 下查找所有 .conf 文件", "hint": "find /etc -name '*.conf'", "success_test": "'.conf' in output", "solution": ["find /etc -name '*.conf'"], "success_msg": "🔍 文件已找到！"},
        {"id": "l5_2_find_type", "title": "按类型查找", "description": "查找 /tmp 下的所有目录", "hint": "find /tmp -type d", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('find') and '-type d' in cmd", "solution": ["find /tmp -type d"], "success_msg": "📁 目录已找到！"},
        {"id": "l5_3_find_size", "title": "按大小查找", "description": "查找 /var/log 下大于 1M 的文件", "hint": "find /var/log -size +1M", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('find') and '-size' in cmd", "solution": ["find /var/log -size +1M"], "success_msg": "📏 大文件已找到！"},
        {"id": "l5_4_find_exec", "title": "执行操作", "description": "查找 /tmp 下所有 .log 文件并删除", "hint": "find /tmp -name '*.log' -exec rm {} \\;", "success_test": "'-exec' in cmd", "solution": ["find /tmp -name '*.log' -exec rm {} \\;"], "success_msg": "🗑️ 操作执行成功！"},
        {"id": "l5_5_grep", "title": "文本搜索", "description": "在 /etc/passwd 中搜索 root 用户", "hint": "grep root /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'root' in output", "solution": ["grep root /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "🎯 搜索成功！"},
        {"id": "l5_6_grep_i", "title": "忽略大小写", "description": "使用 grep -i 搜索 ROOT（不区分大小写）", "hint": "grep -i root /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'-i' in cmd", "solution": ["grep -i root /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "🔤 忽略大小写搜索成功！"},
        {"id": "l5_7_grep_v", "title": "反向匹配", "description": "显示 /etc/passwd 中不包含 nologin 的行", "hint": "grep -v nologin /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'-v' in cmd", "solution": ["grep -v nologin /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "🔄 反向匹配成功！"},
        {"id": "l5_8_grep_n", "title": "显示行号", "description": "使用 grep -n 显示匹配行的行号", "hint": "grep -n root /etc/passwd", "success_test": "'-n' in cmd and ':' in output", "solution": ["grep -n root /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "🔢 行号已显示！"},
        {"id": "l5_9_which", "title": "查找命令位置", "description": "查找 ls 命令的位置", "hint": "which ls", "success_test": "'/bin' in output or '/usr' in output", "solution": ["which ls"], "success_msg": "📍 命令位置已找到！"},
        {"id": "l5_10_whereis", "title": "查找相关文件", "description": "使用 whereis 查找 ls 命令的相关文件", "hint": "whereis ls", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('whereis')", "solution": ["whereis ls"], "success_msg": "📚 相关文件已找到！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_6_user",
      "title": "👥 Level 6: 用户和组管理",
      "description": "useradd、usermod、passwd、group 管理",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l6_1_whoami", "title": "查看当前用户", "description": "使用 whoami 查看当前登录用户名", "hint": "whoami", "success_test": "len(output.strip()) > 0", "solution": ["whoami"], "success_msg": "👤 当前用户已显示！"},
        {"id": "l6_2_id", "title": "查看用户ID", "description": "使用 id 查看当前用户的 UID、GID 和所属组", "hint": "id", "success_test": "'uid' in output.lower()", "solution": ["id"], "success_msg": "🆔 用户信息已显示！"},
        {"id": "l6_3_w", "title": "查看登录用户", "description": "使用 w 查看当前登录系统的用户", "hint": "w", "success_test": "'USER' in output or 'TTY' in output", "solution": ["w"], "success_msg": "👥 登录用户已显示！"},
        {"id": "l6_4_last", "title": "查看登录历史", "description": "使用 last 查看最近的登录记录", "hint": "last", "success_test": "len(output) > 10", "solution": ["last"], "success_msg": "📜 登录历史已显示！"},
        {"id": "l6_5_cat_passwd", "title": "查看用户列表", "description": "查看 /etc/passwd 文件了解系统用户", "hint": "cat /etc/passwd", "success_test": "':' in output", "solution": ["cat /etc/passwd"], "success_msg": "📋 用户列表已显示！"},
        {"id": "l6_6_cat_group", "title": "查看组列表", "description": "查看 /etc/group 文件了解系统用户组", "hint": "cat /etc/group", "success_test": "':' in output", "solution": ["cat /etc/group"], "success_msg": "📋 组列表已显示！"},
        {"id": "l6_7_passwd", "title": "修改密码", "description": "使用 passwd 修改当前用户密码（输入当前密码和新密码）", "hint": "passwd", "success_test": "cmd == 'passwd'", "solution": ["passwd"], "success_msg": "🔑 密码修改命令已执行！"},
        {"id": "l6_8_su", "title": "切换用户", "description": "使用 su - 切换到 root 用户", "hint": "su -", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('su')", "solution": ["su -", "su"], "success_msg": "🔄 用户切换命令已执行！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_7_disk",
      "title": "💾 Level 7: 磁盘管理",
      "description": "df、du、fdisk、mount 磁盘操作",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l7_1_df", "title": "查看磁盘空间", "description": "使用 df 查看文件系统磁盘空间使用情况", "hint": "df", "success_test": "'Filesystem' in output or '文件系统' in output", "solution": ["df"], "success_msg": "💾 磁盘空间已显示！"},
        {"id": "l7_2_df_h", "title": "人类可读格式", "description": "使用 df -h 以人类可读格式显示磁盘空间", "hint": "df -h", "success_test": "'G' in output or 'M' in output or 'K' in output", "solution": ["df -h"], "success_msg": "📊 磁盘空间（易读格式）！"},
        {"id": "l7_3_du", "title": "查看目录大小", "description": "使用 du 查看 /tmp 目录的大小", "hint": "du /tmp", "success_test": "len(output) > 0", "solution": ["du /tmp"], "success_msg": "📏 目录大小已显示！"},
        {"id": "l7_4_du_sh", "title": "查看总大小", "description": "使用 du -sh 查看 /tmp 的总大小", "hint": "du -sh /tmp", "success_test": "'-sh' in cmd", "solution": ["du -sh /tmp"], "success_msg": "📊 总大小已显示！"},
        {"id": "l7_5_du_sort", "title": "排序查看", "description": "查看 /tmp 下最大的 5 个目录", "hint": "du -sh /tmp/* | sort -rh | head -5", "success_test": "'sort' in cmd", "solution": ["du -sh /tmp/* | sort -rh | head -5"], "success_msg": "🏆 最大目录已排序！"},
        {"id": "l7_6_mount", "title": "查看挂载点", "description": "使用 mount 查看已挂载的文件系统", "hint": "mount", "success_test": "'on' in output or 'type' in output", "solution": ["mount"], "success_msg": "🔗 挂载点已显示！"},
        {"id": "l7_7_fdisk", "title": "查看分区表", "description": "使用 fdisk -l 查看磁盘分区表（需要 root 权限）", "hint": "fdisk -l", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('fdisk')", "solution": ["fdisk -l"], "success_msg": "💿 分区表已显示！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_8_process",
      "title": "⚙️ Level 8: 进程管理",
      "description": "ps、top、kill、nohup 进程控制",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l8_1_ps", "title": "查看进程", "description": "使用 ps 查看当前用户的进程", "hint": "ps", "success_test": "'PID' in output", "solution": ["ps"], "success_msg": "📋 进程列表已显示！"},
        {"id": "l8_2_ps_aux", "title": "查看所有进程", "description": "使用 ps aux 查看系统所有进程", "hint": "ps aux", "success_test": "'%CPU' in output or 'RSS' in output", "solution": ["ps aux"], "success_msg": "📊 所有进程已显示！"},
        {"id": "l8_3_ps_grep", "title": "查找特定进程", "description": "查找包含 ssh 的进程", "hint": "ps aux | grep ssh", "success_test": "'|' in cmd", "solution": ["ps aux | grep ssh"], "success_msg": "🎯 进程已找到！"},
        {"id": "l8_4_top", "title": "实时进程监控", "description": "使用 top 实时查看进程（按 q 退出）", "hint": "top", "success_test": "cmd == 'top'", "solution": ["top"], "success_msg": "📈 实时监控已启动！"},
        {"id": "l8_5_kill", "title": "终止进程", "description": "使用 kill 命令（查看 PID 后终止）", "hint": "kill PID", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('kill')", "solution": ["kill 1234"], "success_msg": "💀 终止命令已执行！"},
        {"id": "l8_6_kill9", "title": "强制终止", "description": "使用 kill -9 强制终止进程", "hint": "kill -9 PID", "success_test": "'-9' in cmd", "solution": ["kill -9 1234"], "success_msg": "💥 强制终止已执行！"},
        {"id": "l8_7_pkill", "title": "按名称终止", "description": "使用 pkill 按进程名终止", "hint": "pkill process_name", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('pkill')", "solution": ["pkill python"], "success_msg": "🎯 按名称终止已执行！"},
        {"id": "l8_8_nohup", "title": "后台运行", "description": "使用 nohup 让命令在后台运行", "hint": "nohup command &", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('nohup')", "solution": ["nohup sleep 10 &"], "success_msg": "🌙 后台运行已设置！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_9_network",
      "title": "🌐 Level 9: 网络管理",
      "description": "ifconfig、ping、netstat、curl 网络命令",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l9_1_ifconfig", "title": "查看网卡", "description": "使用 ifconfig 查看网络接口配置", "hint": "ifconfig", "success_test": "'inet' in output or 'eth' in output or 'lo' in output", "solution": ["ifconfig"], "success_msg": "🎴 网卡信息已显示！"},
        {"id": "l9_2_ip_addr", "title": "现代方式查看", "description": "使用 ip addr 查看网络接口", "hint": "ip addr", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('ip addr')", "solution": ["ip addr"], "success_msg": "🎴 网络接口已显示！"},
        {"id": "l9_3_ping", "title": "测试连通性", "description": "ping 127.0.0.1 测试本地网络", "hint": "ping -c 4 127.0.0.1", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('ping')", "solution": ["ping -c 4 127.0.0.1"], "success_msg": "📡 Ping 测试完成！"},
        {"id": "l9_4_netstat", "title": "查看网络连接", "description": "使用 netstat -tlnp 查看监听端口", "hint": "netstat -tlnp", "success_test": "'LISTEN' in output or 'tcp' in output.lower()", "solution": ["netstat -tlnp"], "success_msg": "🔗 网络连接已显示！"},
        {"id": "l9_5_ss", "title": "现代方式查看端口", "description": "使用 ss -tlnp 查看监听端口", "hint": "ss -tlnp", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('ss')", "solution": ["ss -tlnp"], "success_msg": "🔗 端口信息已显示！"},
        {"id": "l9_6_curl", "title": "HTTP 请求", "description": "使用 curl 访问 http://localhost:8080", "hint": "curl http://localhost:8080", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('curl')", "solution": ["curl http://localhost:8080"], "success_msg": "🌐 HTTP 请求已发送！"},
        {"id": "l9_7_wget", "title": "下载文件", "description": "使用 wget 下载网页", "hint": "wget http://localhost:8080 -O /tmp/test.html", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('wget')", "solution": ["wget http://localhost:8080 -O /tmp/test.html"], "success_msg": "📥 文件下载命令已执行！"},
        {"id": "l9_8_traceroute", "title": "路由追踪", "description": "使用 traceroute 追踪到目标的路由", "hint": "traceroute 8.8.8.8", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('traceroute') or cmd.startswith('tracepath')", "solution": ["traceroute 8.8.8.8"], "success_msg": "🛤️ 路由追踪已启动！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_10_package",
      "title": "📦 Level 10: 软件包管理",
      "description": "yum、apt、rpm、dpkg 包管理",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l10_1_yum_list", "title": "列出已安装包", "description": "使用 yum list installed 查看已安装的包", "hint": "yum list installed", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('yum')", "solution": ["yum list installed"], "success_msg": "📋 已安装包列表！"},
        {"id": "l10_2_yum_search", "title": "搜索包", "description": "使用 yum search 搜索 nginx", "hint": "yum search nginx", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('yum search')", "solution": ["yum search nginx"], "success_msg": "🔍 包搜索完成！"},
        {"id": "l10_3_rpm_q", "title": "查询包信息", "description": "使用 rpm -q 查询 bash 包", "hint": "rpm -q bash", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('rpm')", "solution": ["rpm -q bash"], "success_msg": "📦 包信息已显示！"},
        {"id": "l10_4_apt_update", "title": "更新包列表", "description": "使用 apt update 更新包列表", "hint": "apt update", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('apt update')", "solution": ["apt update"], "success_msg": "🔄 包列表已更新！"},
        {"id": "l10_5_dpkg_l", "title": "列出 Debian 包", "description": "使用 dpkg -l 列出已安装的包", "hint": "dpkg -l", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('dpkg')", "solution": ["dpkg -l"], "success_msg": "📋 Debian 包列表！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_11_vim",
      "title": "✏️ Level 11: Vi/Vim 编辑器",
      "description": "vim 基本操作和常用命令",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l11_1_vim", "title": "打开文件", "description": "使用 vim 打开 /tmp/test.txt", "hint": "vim /tmp/test.txt", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('vim') or cmd.startswith('vi')", "solution": ["vim /tmp/test.txt"], "success_msg": "📝 Vim 已启动！"},
        {"id": "l11_2_vim_i", "title": "插入模式", "description": "在 vim 中按 i 进入插入模式", "hint": "按 i 键", "success_test": "cmd == 'i'", "solution": ["i"], "success_msg": "⌨️ 插入模式！"},
        {"id": "l11_3_vim_esc", "title": "退出插入模式", "description": "按 Esc 退出插入模式", "hint": "按 Esc 键", "success_test": "cmd == 'esc' or cmd == 'Esc'", "solution": ["esc"], "success_msg": "🚪 退出插入模式！"},
        {"id": "l11_4_vim_wq", "title": "保存退出", "description": "输入 :wq 保存并退出", "hint": ":wq", "success_test": "cmd == ':wq'", "solution": [":wq"], "success_msg": "💾 保存并退出！"},
        {"id": "l11_5_vim_q", "title": "不保存退出", "description": "输入 :q! 强制退出不保存", "hint": ":q!", "success_test": "cmd == ':q!'", "solution": [":q!"], "success_msg": "🚪 强制退出！"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "level_12_shell",
      "title": "🚀 Level 12: Shell 脚本编程",
      "description": "Shell 脚本基础、变量、循环、条件判断",
      "challenges": [
        {"id": "l12_1_echo_var", "title": "输出变量", "description": "使用 echo 输出环境变量 $HOME", "hint": "echo $HOME", "success_test": "'$HOME' in cmd or 'echo $' in cmd", "solution": ["echo $HOME"], "success_msg": "🔤 变量已输出！"},
        {"id": "l12_2_env", "title": "查看环境变量", "description": "使用 env 查看所有环境变量", "hint": "env", "success_test": "cmd == 'env'", "solution": ["env"], "success_msg": "🌍 环境变量已显示！"},
        {"id": "l12_3_export", "title": "设置环境变量", "description": "使用 export 设置 MYVAR=test", "hint": "export MYVAR=test", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('export')", "solution": ["export MYVAR=test"], "success_msg": "📤 环境变量已设置！"},
        {"id": "l12_4_alias", "title": "命令别名", "description": "创建别名 ll='ls -l'", "hint": "alias ll='ls -l'", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('alias')", "solution": ["alias ll='ls -l'"], "success_msg": "🏷️ 别名已创建！"},
        {"id": "l12_5_date", "title": "显示日期", "description": "使用 date 显示当前日期时间", "hint": "date", "success_test": "cmd == 'date'", "solution": ["date"], "success_msg": "📅 日期已显示！"},
        {"id": "l12_6_cal", "title": "显示日历", "description": "使用 cal 显示本月日历", "hint": "cal", "success_test": "cmd == 'cal'", "solution": ["cal"], "success_msg": "📆 日历已显示！"},
        {"id": "l12_7_bc", "title": "计算器", "description": "使用 bc 计算 1+1", "hint": "echo '1+1' | bc", "success_test": "'bc' in cmd", "solution": ["echo '1+1' | bc"], "success_msg": "🧮 计算完成！"},
        {"id": "l12_8_tar", "title": "打包压缩", "description": "将 /tmp/testdir 打包为 /tmp/testdir.tar.gz", "hint": "tar -czf /tmp/testdir.tar.gz /tmp/testdir", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('tar')", "solution": ["tar -czf /tmp/testdir.tar.gz /tmp/testdir"], "success_msg": "📦 打包完成！"},
        {"id": "l12_9_untar", "title": "解压", "description": "解压 /tmp/testdir.tar.gz 到 /tmp/extract/", "hint": "tar -xzf /tmp/testdir.tar.gz -C /tmp/extract/", "success_test": "'-x' in cmd or '--extract' in cmd", "solution": ["tar -xzf /tmp/testdir.tar.gz -C /tmp/"], "success_msg": "📂 解压完成！"},
        {"id": "l12_10_crontab", "title": "定时任务", "description": "使用 crontab -l 查看定时任务", "hint": "crontab -l", "success_test": "cmd.startswith('crontab')", "solution": ["crontab -l"], "success_msg": "⏰ 定时任务已显示！"}
      ]
    }
  ]
}