feat: Linux练习平台
- Web界面Linux命令练习 - Python后端 + sandbox安全沙箱 - 课程和任务管理
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likingcode
581
sandbox.py
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581
sandbox.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""
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Linux 命令沙盒模拟器
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- 零风险：不真实执行系统命令
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- 模拟文件系统：虚拟内存字典结构
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- 命令白名单：只允许安全命令
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- 场景匹配：检查命令是否答对
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"""
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import re
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# ==============================
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# 1. 虚拟文件系统（内存树结构）
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# ==============================
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SANDBOX_FS = {
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"/": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["users", "projects", "logs", "sandbox_tips"],
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},
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"/users": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["alice.txt", "bob.txt", "charlie"],
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},
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"/users/alice.txt": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "Hi, I'm Alice. I love Linux!",
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},
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"/users/bob.txt": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "Hello from Bob. Learning Linux daily.",
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},
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"/users/charlie": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["profile.md", "skills.txt"],
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},
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"/users/charlie/profile.md": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "# Charlie\nLoves open source and Linux commands.",
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},
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"/users/charlie/skills.txt": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "Linux\nPython\nGit\nDocker",
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},
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"/projects": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["web", "backend"],
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},
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"/projects/web": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["index.html", "style.css"],
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},
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"/projects/web/index.html": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "<html><body>Hello Linux Sandbox</body></html>",
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},
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"/projects/web/style.css": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "body { font-family: sans-serif; }",
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},
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"/projects/backend": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["app.py", "model.py", "utils.py"],
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},
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"/projects/backend/app.py": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "rw-",
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"content": "def main():\n print('Hello, Linux!')\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n main()",
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},
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"/projects/backend/model.py": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "rw-",
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"content": "class User:\n def __init__(self, name):\n self.name = name",
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},
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"/projects/backend/utils.py": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "rw-",
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"content": "def log(msg):\n print(f'[LOG] {msg}')",
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},
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"/logs": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["access.log", "error.log"],
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},
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"/logs/access.log": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "2024-01-01 10:00 GET /index.html 200\n2024-01-01 10:01 POST /api/login 200\n2024-01-01 10:02 GET /about 404",
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},
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"/logs/error.log": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "2024-01-01 10:02 ERROR Page not found\n2024-01-01 10:03 WARNING High memory usage",
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},
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"/sandbox_tips": {
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"type": "dir",
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"perm": "r-x",
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"children": ["welcome.txt"],
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},
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"/sandbox_tips/welcome.txt": {
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"type": "file",
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"perm": "r--",
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"content": "Welcome to Linux Sandbox!\n\nYou can practice commands safely here.\nTry 'ls', 'cat', 'grep', 'find' and more!",
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},
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}
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# ==============================
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# 2. 白名单命令定义
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# ==============================
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# 命令 → 参数验证规则
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ALLOWED_CMDS = {
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"ls": {
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"flags": ["-l", "-a", "-h", "-R", "-t", "-S"],
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"path": True,
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},
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"cd": {"path": True},
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"pwd": {},
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"echo": {"rest": True},
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"cat": {"path": True},
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"head": {"flags": ["-n"], "path": True},
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"tail": {"flags": ["-n"], "path": True},
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"grep": {"flags": ["-i", "-r", "-n"], "pattern": True, "path": True},
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"find": {
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"flags": ["-type", "-name", "-size"],
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"path": True,
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},
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"du": {"flags": ["-h", "-s"], "path": True},
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"sort": {"flags": ["-r", "-n", "-h"]},
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"wc": {"flags": ["-l", "-w", "-c"], "path": True},
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"mkdir": {"path": True},
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"touch": {"path": True},
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"cp": {"path": True}, # 模拟副本
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"mv": {"path": True}, # 模拟重命名
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"whoami": {},
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"history": {"flags": ["-n"]},
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"stat": {"path": True},
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}
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# ==============================
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# 3. 沙盒核心类
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# ==============================
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class LinuxSandbox:
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def __init__(self):
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self.cwd = "/" # 当前目录
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self.history = [] # 命令历史
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self.current_task = None
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def check_permissions(self, cmd_name: str, args: list) -> tuple[bool, str]:
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"""验证命令是否在白名单 + 参数是否合法"""
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if cmd_name not in ALLOWED_CMDS:
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return False, f"❌ 拒绝执行 '{cmd_name}'（不在允许列表）"
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rule = ALLOWED_CMDS[cmd_name]
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# 检查非法参数
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for arg in args:
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if arg.startswith("-"):
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if "flags" in rule and arg not in rule["flags"]:
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return False, f"❌ 不支持参数: {arg}"
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return True, ""
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def resolve_path(self, path: str) -> str:
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"""解析相对/绝对路径（简化版）"""
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if path.startswith("/"):
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return path
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if path == ".":
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return self.cwd
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if path == "..":
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parent = "/".join(self.cwd.split("/")[:-1]) or "/"
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return parent if parent else "/"
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return f"{self.cwd.rstrip('/')}/{path}"
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def get_fspath(self, path: str) -> dict | None:
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"""从虚拟 FS 中获取节点"""
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return SANDBOX_FS.get(path)
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def _simulate_ls(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 ls 命令"""
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if not args:
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# ls 默认列出当前目录
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node = SANDBOX_FS.get(self.cwd)
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if not node or node.get("type") != "dir":
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return f"ls: {self.cwd}: Not a directory"
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children = node.get("children", [])
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return " ".join(children)
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# 处理路径参数
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path = args[0]
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resolved = self.resolve_path(path)
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node = self.get_fspath(resolved)
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if not node:
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return f"ls: cannot access '{path}': No such file or directory"
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if node["type"] != "dir":
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return f"ls: cannot access '{path}': Not a directory"
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return " ".join(node.get("children", []))
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def _simulate_cat(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 cat 命令"""
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if not args:
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return "cat: missing operand"
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path = args[0]
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resolved = self.resolve_path(path)
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node = self.get_fspath(resolved)
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if not node:
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return f"cat: {path}: No such file or directory"
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if node["type"] != "file":
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return f"cat: {path}: Is a directory"
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return node.get("content", "")
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def _simulate_cd(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 cd 命令"""
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if not args or args[0] == "~":
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self.cwd = "/home"
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return ""
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path = args[0]
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resolved = self.resolve_path(path)
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node = self.get_fspath(resolved)
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if not node or node["type"] != "dir":
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return f"cd: {path}: No such file or directory"
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self.cwd = resolved
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return ""
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def _simulate_pwd(self) -> str:
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"""模拟 pwd 命令"""
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return self.cwd
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def _simulate_echo(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 echo 命令"""
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return " ".join(args)
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def _simulate_grep(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 grep 命令"""
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# grep pattern file or grep -r pattern dir
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if len(args) < 1:
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return "grep: missing file operand"
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pattern = ""
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paths = []
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# 简化解析：第一个非 flag 参数是 pattern
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i = 0
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while i < len(args):
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if args[i] == "-r" or args[i] == "-i" or args[i].startswith("-"):
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i += 1
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else:
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if not pattern:
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pattern = args[i]
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else:
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paths.append(args[i])
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i += 1
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if not pattern or not paths:
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return "grep: pattern or file missing"
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# 支持通配符匹配
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import re
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results = []
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for path_arg in paths:
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# 处理 * 通配符
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if "*" in path_arg:
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# 简单 glob 模拟
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prefix = path_arg.split("/")[0] if "/" in path_arg else self.cwd.rstrip("/")
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pattern_part = path_arg.replace("*", ".*")
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for key in SANDBOX_FS:
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if key.startswith(prefix) and SANDBOX_FS[key]["type"] == "file":
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if re.match(pattern_part, key.split("/")[-1]):
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node = self.get_fspath(key)
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if node and node["type"] == "file":
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lines = node.get("content", "").split("\n")
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for line in lines:
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if pattern in line:
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results.append(f"{key}:{line}")
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else:
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resolved = self.resolve_path(path_arg)
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node = self.get_fspath(resolved)
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if not node:
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return f"grep: {path_arg}: No such file or directory"
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if node["type"] != "file":
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return f"grep: {path_arg}: Is a directory"
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lines = node.get("content", "").split("\n")
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for line in lines:
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if pattern in line:
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results.append(line)
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return "\n".join(results) if results else ""
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def _simulate_find(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 find 命令（简化版）"""
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# find path -type f -name "*.ext"
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# 兼容不同顺序：find /path -type f -name "*.py" or find /path -name "*.py"
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path = self.cwd
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file_type = None
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name_pattern = None
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i = 0
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while i < len(args):
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arg = args[i]
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if arg.startswith("-"):
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if arg == "-type" and i + 1 < len(args):
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file_type = args[i + 1]
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i += 2
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elif arg == "-name" and i + 1 < len(args):
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name_pattern = args[i + 1]
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i += 2
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else:
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i += 1
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else:
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path = self.resolve_path(arg)
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i += 1
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# 如果没有指定文件类型，默认查找所有文件
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if file_type is None:
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file_type = "f"
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# 如果没有指定 -name，返回所有文件
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if name_pattern is None:
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name_pattern = "*"
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# 匹配逻辑
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results = []
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for key in SANDBOX_FS:
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if key.startswith(path) and SANDBOX_FS[key]["type"] == file_type:
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# 简单 glob 匹配
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filename = key.split("/")[-1]
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if name_pattern == "*" or filename.endswith(name_pattern.replace("*", "")):
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results.append(key)
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return "\n".join(results) if results else ""
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def _simulate_du(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 du 命令"""
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# du -sh * or du -h path
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path = self.cwd
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show_all = False
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# 解析参数
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i = 0
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while i < len(args):
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if args[i] == "-sh" or args[i] == "-h":
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show_all = True
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i += 1
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elif args[i].startswith("-"):
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i += 1
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else:
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path = self.resolve_path(args[i])
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i += 1
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node = self.get_fspath(path)
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if not node or node["type"] != "dir":
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return f"du: {path}: No such file or directory"
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# 模拟大小（KB）- 简化版
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size_map = {"file": 1, "dir": 4}
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total = 0
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children = node.get("children", [])
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for child in children:
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child_path = f"{path.rstrip('/')}/{child}"
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child_node = self.get_fspath(child_path)
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if child_node:
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total += size_map.get(child_node["type"], 1)
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return f"{total}K\t{path}"
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def _simulate_sort(self, args: list, input_text: str) -> str:
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"""模拟 sort 命令"""
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lines = input_text.strip().split("\n")
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reverse = "-r" in args
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numeric = "-n" in args
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if numeric:
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try:
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lines = sorted(lines, key=lambda x: float(x.split()[0]), reverse=reverse)
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except:
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pass
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else:
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lines.sort(reverse=reverse)
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return "\n".join(lines)
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def _simulate_wc(self, args: list, input_text: str = "") -> str:
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"""模拟 wc 命令"""
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lines = input_text.count("\n") + 1 if input_text else 0
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words = len(input_text.split()) if input_text else 0
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chars = len(input_text)
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# 从文件计算
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if args and args[-1] not in ["-l", "-w", "-c"]:
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path = args[-1]
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resolved = self.resolve_path(path)
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node = self.get_fspath(resolved)
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if node and node["type"] == "file":
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content = node.get("content", "")
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lines = content.count("\n") + 1
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words = len(content.split())
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chars = len(content)
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flag = args[0] if args and args[0].startswith("-") else ""
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if flag == "-l":
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return str(lines)
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elif flag == "-w":
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return str(words)
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elif flag == "-c":
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return str(chars)
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else:
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return f" {lines} {words} {chars}"
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def _simulate_mkdir(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 mkdir -p"""
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if not args:
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return "mkdir: missing operand"
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path = self.resolve_path(args[0])
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# 简化：只允许在 sandbox 下创建
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if not path.startswith("/sandbox"):
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return "mkdir: permission denied: only sandbox paths allowed"
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return f"mkdir: created directory '{path}' (simulated)"
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def _simulate_touch(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 touch"""
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if not args:
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return "touch: missing file operand"
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path = self.resolve_path(args[0])
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# 只读沙盒，不允许创建
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return f"touch: cannot touch '{path}': Read-only file system"
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def _simulate_cp(self, args: list) -> str:
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"""模拟 cp"""
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if len(args) < 2:
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return "cp: missing file operand"
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src = self.resolve_path(args[0])
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dst = args[-1] # 简化：目标总是最后一个参数
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if not self.get_fspath(src):
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return f"cp: cannot stat '{args[0]}': No such file or directory"
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return f"cp: copied (simulated) '{src}' → '{dst}'"
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def _simulate_mv(self, args: list) -> str:
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||||
"""模拟 mv"""
|
||||
if len(args) < 2:
|
||||
return "mv: missing file operand"
|
||||
|
||||
return f"mv: moved (simulated) '{args[0]}' → '{args[1]}'"
|
||||
|
||||
def _simulate_stat(self, args: list) -> str:
|
||||
"""模拟 stat"""
|
||||
if not args:
|
||||
return "stat: missing operand"
|
||||
|
||||
path = self.resolve_path(args[0])
|
||||
node = self.get_fspath(path)
|
||||
|
||||
if not node:
|
||||
return f"stat: cannot stat '{path}': No such file or directory"
|
||||
|
||||
return f""" File: {path}
|
||||
Size: {len(node.get('content', ''))} Blocks: 1 IO Block: 4096 {'directory' if node['type'] == 'dir' else 'regular file'}
|
||||
Access: ({node['perm']}/0{'' if node['type']=='dir' else '0' }44) uid=1000 gid=1000
|
||||
Access: 2026-03-04 00:00:00.000000000
|
||||
Modify: 2026-03-04 00:00:00.000000000
|
||||
Change: 2026-03-04 00:00:00.000000000
|
||||
Birth: -"""
|
||||
|
||||
# ==============================
|
||||
# 主执行入口
|
||||
# ==============================
|
||||
def execute(self, cmd: str) -> dict:
|
||||
"""执行命令，返回结果 & 社交化反馈"""
|
||||
cmd = cmd.strip()
|
||||
if not cmd:
|
||||
return {"output": "", "success": True, "message": ""}
|
||||
|
||||
# 记录历史
|
||||
self.history.append(cmd)
|
||||
|
||||
# 解析命令
|
||||
parts = cmd.split()
|
||||
cmd_name = parts[0]
|
||||
args = parts[1:]
|
||||
|
||||
# 安全检查
|
||||
# 1. 关键危险命令拦截
|
||||
if any(x in cmd for x in ["rm -rf", "sudo", "chmod 777", "wget", "curl"]):
|
||||
return {
|
||||
"output": "",
|
||||
"success": False,
|
||||
"message": "❌ 拒绝执行危险命令！这是沙盒环境，为安全起见禁止危险指令。",
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# 2. 白名单验证
|
||||
allowed, err = self.check_permissions(cmd_name, args)
|
||||
if not allowed:
|
||||
return {"output": "", "success": False, "message": err}
|
||||
|
||||
# 执行模拟命令
|
||||
output = ""
|
||||
try:
|
||||
if cmd_name == "ls":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_ls(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "cd":
|
||||
msg = self._simulate_cd(args)
|
||||
output = msg if msg else self.cwd
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "pwd":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_pwd()
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "echo":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_echo(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "cat":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_cat(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "grep":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_grep(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "find":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_find(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "du":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_du(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "sort":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_sort(args, "")
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "wc":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_wc(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "mkdir":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_mkdir(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "touch":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_touch(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "cp":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_cp(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "mv":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_mv(args)
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "whoami":
|
||||
output = "sandbox_user"
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "history":
|
||||
n = int(args[0].lstrip("-n")) if args and args[0].startswith("-n") else 5
|
||||
output = "\n".join(f" {i+1} {h}" for i, h in enumerate(self.history[-n:]))
|
||||
elif cmd_name == "stat":
|
||||
output = self._simulate_stat(args)
|
||||
else:
|
||||
output = f"{cmd_name}: command not found (sandbox mode)"
|
||||
|
||||
except Exception as e:
|
||||
output = f"Error: {e}"
|
||||
|
||||
return {"output": output, "success": True, "message": "✅ 命令执行成功"}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# ==============================
|
||||
# 4. 单元测试（可选）
|
||||
# ==============================
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
sb = LinuxSandbox()
|
||||
print("=== Linux Sandbox Test ===")
|
||||
print(sb.execute("ls"))
|
||||
print(sb.execute("pwd"))
|
||||
print(sb.execute("cat /users/alice.txt"))
|
||||
print(sb.execute("grep Linux /users/*"))
|
||||
print(sb.execute("find /projects -name '*.py'"))
|
||||
print(sb.execute("du -sh /projects"))
|
||||
print(sb.execute("rm -rf /")) # 应该被拦截
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user